Exceso de peso, aspectos econ��micos, pol��ticos y sociales en el mundo: un an��lisis ecol��gico

Se analizaron las prevalencias de exceso de peso, seg��n ��ndice de masa corporal (IMC), en adultos y su asociaci��n con algunas variables demogr��ficas, socioecon��micas e ��ndice de democracia. Se realiz�� un dise��o ecol��gico que consider�� un total de 105 pa��ses, con datos de IMC de 2000 a 2006. Las dem��s variables se obtuvieron en correspondencia con el a��o del dato de estado nutricional, o su referente m��s cercano. Se utilizaron los puntos de corte de la Organizaci��n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para IMC. Se calcularon correlaciones de Spearman y modelos de regresi��n m��ltiple. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se correlacionaron en ambos sexos con la disponibilidad energ��tica y con el ��ndice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) y sus variables constitutivas. En cuanto a las variables relacionadas con democracia, la correlaci��n fue inversa y m��s fuerte con el nivel ponderal de los hombres. En conclusi��n, indicadores de condiciones de vida m��s favorables en los pa��ses se asociaron de forma directa con mayores prevalencias de exceso de peso poblacional, con comportamientos diferentes en funci��n del g��nero.

Ciudad de Vacaciones 1933. El concurso internacional para Playa de San Juan (Alicante)

En 1933, por iniciativa municipal y con el apoyo del Gobierno, con la intenci��n de captar un turismo extranjero y nacional de ��lite generando una nueva ���industria���, se convoca el concurso de anteproyectos para la construcci��n de una ciudad sat��lite (a modo de ciudad jard��n) para destinarla a ciudad de vacaciones en la Playa de San Juan (cvPSJ), Alicante, al que se presentan tres propuestas. Aqu�� se estudia el anteproyecto ganador (de P. Muguruza), que resulta pionero por las t��cnicas urban��sticas empleadas (informaci��n y zonificaci��n), por la aplicaci��n de la fotograf��a para la inserci��n de arquitecturas y equipamientos y por la sensibilidad desplegada en la protecci��n del patrimonio cultural (medioambiental e hist��rico). Los referentes para este macro complejo tur��stico (de casi 10 km2), coet��neo a la Ciutat del Rep��s i Vacances (CRV) de Castelldefels, no proceden tanto de Europa como de EUA. Se realiza un an��lisis pormenorizado de la ordenaci��n urban��stica en atenci��n a c��mo el territorio existente la condiciona y se entrelaza con estrategias de promoci��n tur��stica, donde se combinan la tr��ada: hotel, deporte y naturaleza (alojamiento, ocio y salud). Pero toda la ciudad est�� enfocada a un turismo burgu��s, para el que se prev�� una arquitectura comercial que pronto envejecer��a en su repertorio. Veinticinco a��os despu��s, en 1958, cuando las condiciones econ��micas y sociales fueron favorables al desarrollo de la zona, el mundo ser��a ya otro y el proyecto qued�� obsoleto.

Assist��ncia estudantil no cen��rio da Universidade Federal do Tri��ngulo Mineiro ��� UFTM

Este artigo foi organizado por meio da disserta����o de mestrado cujo tema se concentra em �� ���Pol��ticas P��blicas Educacionais: uma an��lise sobre a Pol��tica Nacional de Assist��ncia Estudantil no contexto da Universidade Federal do Tri��ngulo Mineiro ��� UFTM���. O interesse pela tem��tica vincula-se ��s pol��ticas p��blicas educacionais tendo como objeto de estudo a sua implementa����o. O objetivo �� demonstrar as formas como se d�� a implementa����o da pol��tica de assist��ncia estudantil e seus condicionantes pol��ticos e sociais. O referencial te��rico est�� pautado na teoria social cr��tica que busca a apreens��o do processo hist��rico das rela����es sociais, repercutindo nas pol��ticas p��blicas educacionais.

Salud comunitaria y acci��n social en el control epidemiol��gico del tracoma infantil, Espa��a (1932-1939)

En el contexto de la endemia tracomatosa que afect�� a diversas regiones espa��olas hasta la d��cada de 1960, se analizan los determinantes epidemiol��gicos del tracoma infantil y su abordaje desde el modelo de asistencia preventiva que encerraba el concepto de salud comunitaria que se perfil�� en el per��odo de entreguerras. La detecci��n precoz de casos, unida a actividades preventivas, educativas, terap��uticas y de inspecci��n, como las que llevaron a cabo las enfermeras visitadoras, contribuyeron al control de la enfermedad. Los resultados reafirman la validez de las estrategias de intervenci��n horizontal de mejora de las condiciones higi��nicas y de los factores medioambientales que explicaban la prevalencia del tracoma.

From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health

Background: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis. Methods: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics. Findings: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64���7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02���5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08���7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15���9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96���153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02���0.48). Conclusion: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis.

A qualitative exploration of the impact of the economic recession in Spain on working, living and health conditions: reflections based on immigrant workers' experiences

Background: This study aimed to analyse how immigrant workers in Spain experienced changes in their working and employment conditions brought about Spain's economic recession and the impact of these changes on their living conditions and health status. Method: We conducted a grounded theory study. Data were obtained through six focus group discussions with immigrant workers (n = 44) from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco, and two individual interviews with key informants from Romania living in Spain, selected by theoretical sample. Results: Three categories related to the crisis emerged ��� previous labour experiences, employment consequences and individual consequences ��� that show how immigrant workers in Spain (i) understand the change in employment and working conditions conditioned by their experiences in the period prior to the crisis, and (ii) experienced the deterioration in their quality of life and health as consequences of the worsening of employment and working conditions during times of economic recession. Conclusion: The negative impact of the financial crisis on immigrant workers may increase their social vulnerability, potentially leading to the failure of their migratory project and a return to their home countries. Policy makers should take measures to minimize the negative impact of economic crisis on the occupational health of migrant workers in order to strengthen social protection and promote health and well-being.

Effect of economic recession on psychosocial working conditions by workers' nationality

Background: Several publications have documented the effects of economic recessions on health. However, little is known about how economic recessions influence working conditions, especially among vulnerable workers. Objective: To explore the effects of 2008 economic crisis on the prevalence of adverse psychosocial working conditions among Spanish and foreign national workers. Methods: Data come from the 2007 and 2011 Spanish Working Conditions Surveys. Survey year, sociodemographic, and occupational information were independent variables and psychosocial factors exposures were dependent variables. Analyses were stratified by nationality (Spanish versus foreign). Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) of psychological job demands, job control, job social support, physical demands and perceived job insecurity were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: The Spanish population had higher risk of psychological and physical job demand (aPR =���1.07, 95% CI���=���[1.04���1.10] and aPR���=���1.05, 95% CI���=���[1.01���1.09], respectively) in 2011 compared to 2007. Among both Spanish and foreign national workers, greater aPR were found for job loss in 2011 compared to 2007 (aPR���=���2.47, 95% CI���=���[2.34���2.60]; aPR���=���2.44, 95% CI���=���[2.15���2.77], respectively). Conclusion: The 2008 economic crisis was associated with a significant increase in physical demands in Spanish workers and increased job insecurity for both Spanish and foreign workers.

Is video-case an efficient tool to complement the practical learning in real contexts? Effects on satisfaction and performance in Social Work Degree students

Este documento es un art��culo in��dito que ha sido aceptado para su publicaci��n. Como un servicio a sus autores y lectores, Alternativas. Cuadernos de trabajo social proporciona online esta edici��n preliminar. El manuscrito puede sufrir alteraciones tras la edici��n y correcci��n de pruebas, antes de su publicaci��n definitiva. Los posibles cambios no afectar��n en ning��n caso a la informaci��n contenida en esta hoja, ni a lo esencial del contenido del art��culo.