Invisible work, unseen hazards: the health of women immigrant household service workers in Spain

BACKGROUND: Household service work has been largely absent from occupational health studies. We examine the occupational hazards and health effects identified by immigrant women household service workers. METHODS: Exploratory, descriptive study of 46 documented and undocumented immigrant women in household services in Spain, using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews. Data were separated for analysis by documentation status and sorted using a mixed-generation process. In a second phase of analysis, data on psychosocial hazards were organized using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire as a guide. RESULTS: Informants reported a number of environmental, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards and corresponding health effects. Psychosocial hazards were especially strongly present in data. Data on reported hazards were similar by documentation status and varied by several emerging categories: whether participants were primarily cleaners or carers and whether they lived in or outside of the homes of their employers. Documentation status was relevant in terms of empowerment and bargaining, but did not appear to influence work tasks or exposure to hazards directly. CONCLUSIONS: Female immigrant household service workers are exposed to a variety of health hazards that could be acted upon by improved legislation, enforcement, and preventive workplace measures, which are discussed.

Hybrid system for plagiarism detection

The Internet boom in recent years has increased the interest in the field of plagiarism detection. A lot of documents are published on the Net everyday and anyone can access and plagiarize them. Of course, checking all cases of plagiarism manually is an unfeasible task. Therefore, it is necessary to create new systems that are able to automatically detect cases of plagiarism produced. In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid system for plagiarism detection which combines the advantages of the two main plagiarism detection techniques. This system consists of two analysis phases: the first phase uses an intrinsic detection technique which dismisses much of the text, and the second phase employs an external detection technique to identify the plagiarized text sections. With this combination we achieve a detection system which obtains accurate results and is also faster thanks to the prefiltering of the text.

Identification of the local productive systems in Spain: a new approach

Paper submitted to the 44th European Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Porto, 25-29 August 2004.

La Plataforma Triásica Alpujárride (Zonas Internas de la Cordillera Bética, España)

A partir de estudios estratigráficos, centrados en la sucesión triásica alpujárride de la Sierra de Gádor (Almería, Cordillera Bética) y su correlación con otros sectores, proponemos una columna estratigráfica sintética para la Plataforma Triásica Alpujárride. Esta columna estaría dividida en dos formaciones: una metasiliciclástica basal (subdividida en tres miembros: inferior, intermedio y superior) y una metacarbonática suprayacente (subdivididida en seis miembros, numerados del 1 al 6 de muro a techo). Esta plataforma habría sufrido una evolución morfológica en tres fases: Fase 1 de rampa homoclinal (Anisiense-Ladiniense); Fase 2 de plataforma fallada (Ladiniense-Carniense); y Fase 3 de plataforma orlada (Noriense). Además, a partir del análisis sedimentario de las asociaciones de facies reconocidas en la sucesión triásica de la Sierra de Gádor proponemos su división en cuatro secuencias deposicionales para el intervalo comprendido entre el Anisiense y el Noriense. La primera secuencia comprendería los miembros inferior e intermedio de la formación metasiliciclástica; la segunda secuencia deposicional incluiría el miembro superior de la formación metasiliciclástica y los miembros 1 y 2 de la formación metacarbonática; la tercera secuencia constaría de los miembros 3 y 4, mientras que la cuarta secuencia estaría constituida por los miembros 5 y 6.

Quality certification, performance and size in hotel chains

This paper examines the relationship between quality certification and performance, and quality certification and size in hotel chains operating in Spain. In an initial phase, a quantitative study is made with secondary and objective data to analyse these relationships. In a second phase, a qualitative analysis is applied to reach a better understanding of the quantitative results. The findings show that chains with certified hotels achieve better performance levels; that better performance levels increase with the percentage of certified hotels within the chain; and that quality certification has positive effects on some performance variables. In addition, size is not a key factor for certification, although it could be an enabler.

A compact difference scheme for numerical solutions of second order dual-phase-lagging models of microscale heat transfer

Dual-phase-lagging (DPL) models constitute a family of non-Fourier models of heat conduction that allow for the presence of time lags in the heat flux and the temperature gradient. These lags may need to be considered when modeling microscale heat transfer, and thus DPL models have found application in the last years in a wide range of theoretical and technical heat transfer problems. Consequently, analytical solutions and methods for computing numerical approximations have been proposed for particular DPL models in different settings. In this work, a compact difference scheme for second order DPL models is developed, providing higher order precision than a previously proposed method. The scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable and convergent, and its accuracy is illustrated with numerical examples.