Quality management, environmental management and firm performance in the Spanish hotel industry

Comunicación presentada en el XVI Simposio Internacional de Turismo y Ocio, ESADE, 23 mayo 2007.

Quality Management, Environmental Management and Organizational Design in the Hotel Industry: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper analyzes the relationship between quality management and environmental management and their effects on hotel performance. Second, the article examines the relationship between these two management systems and organizational design. The paper uses an exploratory, qualitative approach based on interviews with managers and experts in the hotel industry. Based on a content analysis of interviews, the results lead to several propositions. Specifically, quality and environmental management influence hotel performance through mediating variables. Moreover, the implementation of quality management facilitates the implementation of environmental management. Furthermore, the implementation of these two management systems is associated with an increase of formalization and decentralization. The paper contributes to the analysis of quality management, environmental management, organizational design and performance in a joint manner, which has not been attempted before in the hotel industry. In addition, it helps extend the findings about these links in manufacturing and service organizations to the hotel industry.

The effects of quality and environmental management on competitive advantage: A mixed methods study in the hotel industry

This paper reports results derived from a mixed methods study where 13 hotel managers were initially interviewed, followed by a quantitative study of 355 additional managers. Data were analysed using partial least squares path modelling. The research question related to the relationship between quality and environmental management and the competitive advantage sought by hotels. The results indicate that quality management and environmental management permit the improvement of competitive advantage in terms of both costs and differentiation. Moreover, hotels implementing quality programmes find fewer obstacles in implementing environmental management.

The effect of innovation on hotel market value

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of hotel innovations on firm value. Specifically, this study fills a research gap in the previous literature by examining this effect through market value and by distinguishing the potentially different impacts of distinct innovation types: product, process, organization and marketing. This research contributes to consolidating the empirical evidence of hotel innovation and performance by analyzing whether distinct types of innovation lead to different levels of results. The findings show that innovations are perceived to have a positive impact on the future sales of the company: in a four-day period (0,+3), there is an increase in stock exchange returns of 1.53%. In terms of innovation types, process and marketing innovations are found to have a higher positive effect on hotel market value than product and organization innovations; which is explained by potential cost differences among innovations.

Industry-specific effect of CSR initiatives: hotels and airlines

Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationships between a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and its performance and risk. The authors hypothesize that industry-level effects are highly determinant of the sign and magnitude of these relationships to establish a ranking of industries to identify the position of the most prominent tourism-related industries: hotels and airlines. Based on the cybernetic model of decision making and the heuristics thereof, shareholders base their investment decisions derived from CSR announcements on the idea that the industries behave differently; their fixed costs being a relevant factor. Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate the industry-specific effects of CSR initiatives on firms' performance and risk using a sample of 583 announcements from the Spanish Stock Market. Findings – The results show that while CSR announcements have a positive effect on performance when the authors do not account for industry-specific factors, once the authors incorporate these factors into the analysis, the authors find that firm performance and risk vary quite substantially as a function of the industry to which the firm belongs. Interestingly, while the hotel industry presents an average behavior (standing at 9th position in returns, 15th in terms of risk, and 8th according to the ratio returns/volatility), the airline industry presents the worst situation of all industries: last in performance and last in risk. Practical implications – The results help managers assess their decisions and allocate CSR resources optimally. Originality/value – This article is the first attempt to empirically test and comprehensively detect the different relationships between CSR and firm performance across industries.

La relación entre la gestión de la calidad y el rendimiento empresarial en el sector hotelero

La mayor competitividad del sector hotelero a nivel mundial y la mayor exigencia de los turistas ha provocado que la gestión de la calidad se haya convertido en un factor importante para el éxito de los hoteles. Ante esta situación, este estudio empírico tiene como objetivo analizar si la gestión de la calidad mejora el rendimiento empresarial que alcanzan los hoteles. Para ello, en primer lugar, los hoteles se han clasificado en dos grupos, los que tienen un compromiso medio con la gestión de la calidad y los que tienen un compromiso alto. En segundo lugar, se comprueba que los hoteles que tienen un compromiso alto son los que alcanzan mayores rendimientos empresariales. Por lo tanto, se obtiene una relación positiva entre el compromiso con la gestión de la calidad y el rendimiento en el sector hotelero.

Gestión de la calidad y medioambiental y rendimiento empresarial: un análisis de los hoteles españoles

Un tema importante en la literatura sobre calidad es la relación entre la gestión de la calidad y el rendimiento empresarial. Lo mismo ocurre en el campo de la gestión medioambiental. La literatura ha analizado estos sistemas por separado y principalmente en empresas manufactureras. Este estudio analiza conjuntamente ambas prácticas de gestión en el sector hotelero. En concreto, este trabajo identifica los niveles de compromiso con la gestión de la calidad y la gestión ambiental de los hoteles españoles y examina la relación entre el compromiso conjunto con estos sistemas de gestión y el rendimiento empresarial. Los resultados muestran tres tipos de hoteles de acuerdo con su nivel de compromiso con la gestión de la calidad y la gestión ambiental: proactivos, intermedios y reactivos. Además, se ha comprobado que el rendimiento crece conforme mayores son los niveles de compromiso con la gestión de la calidad y el medio ambiente.

Certificación en calidad, resultados empresariales y estructura organizativa en el sector hotelero español

Objeto: La certificación en calidad puede ayudar a las empresas a mejorar su eficiencia y sus resultados. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las diferencias entre los hoteles certificados y no certificados con relación al desarrollo de prácticas de gestión de la calidad, los resultados y el tipo de ventaja competitiva que suelen desarrollar, y los cambios en la estructura organizativa. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: El trabajo clasifica a los hoteles en dos grupos, hoteles certificados en calidad y no certificados, y analiza las diferencias significativas entre grupos. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados muestran que los hoteles certificados desarrollan en mayor medida las prácticas de gestión de la calidad, alcanzan mejores resultados empresariales y una mayor diferenciación y tienen niveles altos de formalización y de coordinación interdepartamental. Originalidad/valor añadido: La principal contribución de este trabajo es analizar si la certificación aporta valor para el sector hotelero.

Internalization of quality management in service organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the internalization of quality management (QM) on the basis of quality certifiable standards – also referred to as meta-standards – in service organizations. More specifically, the paper analyzes the case of the internalization of a quality standard in the Spanish hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the relationships between the measures of internalization, benefit, QM tools and motivation, using partial least squares in the framework of the structural equation modeling technique. Findings – The results show that the hotels that have internalized the standard to a greater extent are more likely to be driven by internal motivation, develop more QM tools and achieve greater benefits than the hotels with a lower degree of internalization. Originality/value – As previous studies have examined these issues in relation to the internalization of ISO standards, the present study adds to this important stream of research and contributes by advancing the understanding of these issues through the case of a specific standard for the hotel industry.

Certificación medioambiental, competitividad y resultado empresarial: un estudio híbrido en el sector hotelero

La Responsabilidad Social en general, y la Gestión Medioambiental en particular, pueden influir sobre el resultado y la competitividad de las empresas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre certificación medioambiental, rendimiento medioambiental, competitividad y resultado empresarial en el sector hotelero español. Además, también se analizan y comparan los niveles alcanzados de proactividad medioambiental para el grupo de hoteles certificados y no certificados. El método de investigación utilizado es híbrido, combinando una parte cualitativa con otra cuantitativa. Los resultados indican que los hoteles que tienen certificado su sistema de Gestión Medioambiental alcanzan mayores niveles de resultado en términos de porcentaje de ocupación e ingresos por habitación disponible (RevPAR). Además, los hoteles certificados obtienen un mejor rendimiento medioambiental. Con relación a la ventaja competitiva, los hoteles certificados desarrollan una ventaja en diferenciación significativamente superior.

Organizational design, quality management and competitive advantage in hotels

Purpose – The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between practices of quality management (QM) and the characteristics of organizational design, and QM and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a partial least squares approach to test these relationships in 350 hotels in Spain. Findings – The findings show that QM influences specialization, formalization and interdepartmental interactions, and that QM practices influence both cost and differentiation competitive advantage. The results also indicate the importance of QM strategic and operational systems as practices that have a key impact on the characteristics of organizational design. Similarly, the QM operational system is key in the relationship between QM and cost competitive advantage. Finally, the QM operational, information and strategic systems positively influence differentiation competitive advantage. Practical implications – When hotels adopt QM practices, there will be significant changes in a number of organizational variables, including specialization, formalization and interdepartmental interactions. This paper provides empirical evidence that QM practices improve both cost and differentiation competitive advantage in the hotel industry. Originality/value – There has been little research on the effects of QM on organizational design in the hotel industry. The contribution of this paper is that analyze the effects of QM on organizational design and competitive advantage, extending knowledge about these issues in a specific sector.