Retinal image quality assessment through a visual similarity index

Retinal image quality is commonly analyzed through parameters inherited from instrumental optics. These parameters are defined for ‘good optics’ so they are hard to translate into visual quality metrics. Instead of using point or artificial functions, we propose a quality index that takes into account properties of natural images. These images usually show strong local correlations that help to interpret the image. Our aim is to derive an objective index that quantifies the quality of vision by taking into account the local structure of the scene, instead of focusing on a particular aberration. As we show, this index highly correlates with visual acuity and allows inter-comparison of natural images around the retina. The usefulness of the index is proven through the analysis of real eyes before and after undergoing corneal surgery, which usually are hard to analyze with standard metrics.

Health-related quality of life and determinant factors in celiac disease. A population-based analysis of adult patients in Spain

Background: Celiac disease (CD) has a negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of affected patients. Although HRQL and its determinants have been examined in Spanish CD patients specifically recruited in hospital settings, these aspects of CD have not been assessed among the general Spanish population. Methods: An observational, transversal study of a non-randomized, representative sample of adult celiac patients throughout all of Spain's Autonomous Regions. Subjects were recruited through celiac patient associations. A Spanish version of the self-administered Celiac Disease-Quality of Life (CD-QOL) questionnaire was used. Determinant factors of HRQL were assessed with the aid of multivariate analysis to control for confounding factors. Results: We analyzed the responses provided by 1,230 patients, 1,092 (89.2%) of whom were women. The overall mean value for the CD-QOL index was 56.3 ± 18.27 points. The dimension that obtained the most points was dysphoria, with 81.3 ± 19.56 points, followed by limitations with 52.3 ± 23.43 points; health problems, with 51.6 ± 26.08 points, and inadequate treatment, with 36.1 ± 21.18 points. Patient age and sex, along with time to diagnosis, and length of time on a gluten-free diet were all independent determinant factors of certain dimensions of HRQL: women aged 31 to 40 expressed poorer HRQL while time to diagnosis and length of time on a gluten-free diet were determinant factors for better HRQL scores. Conclusions: The HRQL of adult Spanish celiac subjects is moderate, improving with the length of time patients remain on a gluten-free diet.

Calidad de la dieta española según el índice de alimentación saludable

Objetivo: determinar la calidad de la dieta española mediante el Índice de Alimentación-Saludable (IASE) y su relación con variables geográficas y socioeconómicas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal a partir de Encuesta-Nacional-Salud-2006 (ENS-2006) Se estudiaron 29.478 personas (Mujeres = 15.019; Hombres = 14.459) que respondieron el Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo (CFC). El IASE se compone de 10 variables (Cereales-derivados, Verduras-hortalizas, Frutas, Leche-derivados, Carnes, Legumbres, Embutidos-fiambres, Dulces, Refrescos-azúcar y Variedad-dieta), construidas a partir del CFC y las recomendaciones de las Guías-Alimentarias (Sociedad-Española-Nutrición-Comunitaria-2004). Categorías IASE (puntuación-máxima 100): Alimentación-saludable: > 80 puntos; Necesita-cambios: > 5.080; Poco-saludable: 50. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, de diferencias de medias (pruebas Kruskal–Wallis y Mann–Whitney), y prueba Chi-Cuadrado, para estudiar la independencia de las variables edad, sexo, clase-social y nivel de estudios con las categorías de IASE. Resultados: El 72% del total de la muestra necesita cambios en su alimentación. La puntuación media para mujeres es 73,7 ± 10,5 y para hombres 69,9 ± 11,3 (p < 0,001). En la categoría saludable obtienen mayor porcentaje (38,8%) el grupo de edad > 65 años y las mujeres (28,3%) frente a los hombres (18,4%). Así mismo, las clases-sociales más altas (clase-I: 24,4%, clase-II: 25,0%, clase-III: 25,8%) presentan mayor índice de alimentación-saludable, (p < 0,001). Las Comunidades-Autónomas: Comunitat Valenciana (5,4%), Illes Balears (4,6%) y Andalucía (4,3%) son las que presentan mayor índice en la categoría poco-saludable. Conclusiones: El IASE es un método rápido y económico de estimación de la calidad de la dieta de la población, porque utiliza datos secundarios procedente de la ENS y de las guías-alimentarias; siendo útil en la planificación de políticas nutricionales en España.