La conciliación del empleo y del hogar: respuesta y reflejo de una organización del trabajo construida desde la institución del género

A la luz del debate en torno a la relación entre la vida laboral y familiar, este artículo propone un modelo compuesto por las variables: sexo, edad, estudios, parentesco y dos índices nombrados por vsp y vsf. El primero (vsp) trata de situar a la población ocupada en una escala que refleje la situación en términos de modalidad de contrato, jornadas, ingresos y supervisión. El segundo refleja las cargas familiares. Se plantean dos versiones distintas del modelo: vsp como dependiente o vsf. El objetivo de este ejercicio es doble: 1) observar hasta qué punto las cargas domésticas influyen en la posición dentro del puesto de trabajo remunerado, y 2) averiguar qué variable sociodemográfica tiene mayor influencia sobre ellas. Los datos han sido extraídos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (ECVT 2001, 2002 y 2003). A la luz de los resultados, la distribución por sexo en «vsp» y «vsf» es significativamente distinta: los hombres asalariados ocupan las mejores posiciones. Además, el modelo sólo actúa para las mujeres asalariadas principales de familia (cabezas de familia y cónyuges). Esta última observación es completamente coherente con una organización de trabajo construida desde la institución del género.

Culture Industries in a Postindustrial Age: Entertainment, Leisure, Creativity, Design

This article reviews the evolution of the concept of culture industries, when neither industry nor culture themselves are today what they were at the time when the term was coined. It attempts to explain the dilution of the term into more nebulous terms (“leisure industries,” “entertainment industries” or “creative industries”) and suggests new challenges for the research on culture industries. What is at stake is no longer an application of a Fordist production to culture, a one-directional mass communication and a mediation by experts, but rather: (1) a cultural experience which is no longer clearly separated from other activities (leisure in general, consumption and even work); (2) the communicative explosion of all industrial production in a media environment, where industrialized symbolic products are mixed with culturalized industrial products; and (3) the empowerment of the recipient, which on one hand ignores the traditional experts and on the other leads to post-productive (recreational and even creative) cultural practices.

The Gaia-ESO Survey: radial metallicity gradients and age-metallicity relation of stars in the Milky Way disk

We study the relationship between age, metallicity, and α-enhancement of FGK stars in the Galactic disk. The results are based upon the analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra from the Gaia-ESO large stellar survey. We explore the limitations of the observed dataset, i.e. the accuracy of stellar parameters and the selection effects that are caused by the photometric target preselection. We find that the colour and magnitude cuts in the survey suppress old metal-rich stars and young metal-poor stars. This suppression may be as high as 97% in some regions of the age-metallicity relationship. The dataset consists of 144 stars with a wide range of ages from 0.5 Gyr to 13.5 Gyr, Galactocentric distances from 6 kpcto 9.5 kpc, and vertical distances from the plane 0 < |Z| < 1.5 kpc. On this basis, we find that i) the observed age-metallicity relation is nearly flat in the range of ages between 0 Gyr and 8 Gyr; ii) at ages older than 9 Gyr, we see a decrease in [Fe/H] and a clear absence of metal-rich stars; this cannot be explained by the survey selection functions; iii) there is a significant scatter of [Fe/H] at any age; and iv) [Mg/Fe] increases with age, but the dispersion of [Mg/Fe] at ages >9 Gyr is not as small as advocated by some other studies. In agreement with earlier work, we find that radial abundance gradients change as a function of vertical distance from the plane. The [Mg/Fe] gradient steepens and becomes negative. In addition, we show that the inner disk is not only more α-rich compared to the outer disk, but also older, as traced independently by the ages and Mg abundances of stars.