Price promotions effects of virtue and vice products

Purpose: This paper aims to propose models that capture the own effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales and cross effects within the subcategory, between subcategories and between periods. The hypotheses assume that, due to reverse consumption self-control, the demand for vice products is more price-sensitive than demand for virtue products, but the demand for vice products is less price-sensitive between periods than demand for virtue products; furthermore, due to the degree of impulse-buying and to licensing, the demand sensitivity of the products of a subcategory and of those of other subcategories varies according to the type of promoted product (vice or virtue). Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is based on different econometrical models that estimate the total net effect of price promotions of virtue and vice products on sales. Findings: The results show a greater own effect for price promotions of vice products than for virtue products. However, the complementary sales effect between subcategories for virtue products facilitates greater expansion of the subcategory in virtue products than in vice products. Originality/value: Although price promotions of virtue products (light) and vice products (regular) have proliferated in recent years, researchers have only estimated their own sales effect. Alternatively, the paper contributes by considering own and cross effects.

El medio en el mensaje: la autorreferencia en la televisión generalista

Los medios de comunicación, cuyas funciones clásicas eran «informar, formar y entretener», están dando protagonismo creciente a la autorreferencia, que es una forma abierta o encubierta de autopublicidad. El medio compromete espacios (en la prensa) o tiempos (formatos audiovisuales) para anunciarse a sí mismo, disminuyendo espacios y tiempos dedicados a mostrar realidades (o ficciones) que nada tienen que ver con el propio medio, y que son el mandato derivado de su dimensión social y cívica. El artículo analiza este fenómeno en televisión, con estudios empíricos sobre el registro de 24 horas continuadas de programación en las tres cadenas generalistas con más cuota d e pantalla. La novedad del estudio es 1) el análisis de la autorreferencia también dentro de los programas (y no sólo en los segmentos de continuidad declaradamente autopublicitarios: promociones, cortinillas, caretas, etc.) y 2) la atención a la autorreferencia como estrategia de cross-promotion entre medios del mismo grupo multimedia.