Semantic change and intersubjectification: The origin of reprise evidential conditional in Old Catalan

The reprise evidential conditional (REC) is nowadays not very usual in Catalan: it is restricted to journalistic language and to some very formal genres (such as academic or legal language), it is not present in spontaneous discourse. On the one hand, it has been described among the rather new modality values of the conditional. On the other, the normative tradition tended to reject it for being a gallicism, or to describe it as an unsuitable neologism. Thanks to the extraction from text corpora, we surprisingly find this REC in Catalan from the beginning of the fourteenth century to the contemporary age, with semantic and pragmatic nuances and different evidence of grammaticalization. Due to the current interest in evidentiality, the REC has been widely studied in French, Italian and Portuguese, focusing mainly on its contemporary uses and not so intensively on the diachronic process that could explain the origin of this value. In line with this research, that we initiated studying the epistemic and evidential future in Catalan, our aim is to describe: a) the pragmatic context that could have been the initial point of the REC in the thirteenth century, before we find indisputable attestations of this use; b) the path of semantic change followed by the conditional from a ‘future in the past’ tense to the acquisition of epistemic and evidential values; and c) the role played by invited inferences, subjectification and intersubjectification in this change.

El tratamiento jurídico de la ancianidad en el penitenciarismo español: pasado y presente

Existen dos mitos fuertemente arraigados en un amplio sector de la sociedad española, convencido, por una parte, que la edad de setenta años constituye una patente de corso para delinquir sin que la consecuencia jurídica asociada entrañe el ingreso en prisión y, por otra, que quien se halla cumpliendo condena en un establecimiento penitenciario y alcanza dicha edad obtiene, de manera automática, la libertad condicional. Sin embargo, no solo ambas creencias han carecido, desde siempre, de escarpia normativa que las sustentase, sino que la realidad penitenciaria ha evidenciado, desde antiguo, la presencia de ancianos en sus centros.