L1 en el aula de L2: ¿por qué no?

Una de las cuestiones más polémicas que ha recorrido la enseñanza de lenguas modernas a lo largo de todo el siglo XX ha sido, sin duda, el debate sobre el empleo de la primera lengua de los estudiantes en el aula de idiomas. A ese respecto, han sido muchos y muy variados los argumentos a favor y en contra. Nuestro artículo se propone revisar tanto las razones que se han argüido para rechazar la presencia de la L1 en la clase de lenguas extranjeras como las que se aducen para incluirla, con especial atención a las aportaciones más recientes de la Teoría sociocultural del aprendizaje de idiomas. No se trata de un tema meramente lingüístico, sino que entran en juego también factores de índole psicológica, social y cultural, que vinculan directamente este asunto con los fenómenos de multicompetencia y plurilingüismo.

Geodynamic events reconstructed in the Betic, Maghrebian, and Apennine chains (central-western Tethys)

A synthetic study has been made to identify main tectono-sedimentary and geodynamic events in central-western Tethys. For this, an interdisciplinary analysis has been performed on successions belonging to tectonic units derived from Betic-Maghrebian-southern Apennine “Flysch basin” domain. The stratigraphic records of the internal, external, and mixed successions deposited in lateral basins of different chains show very similar characters, especially regarding: (a) lithostratigraphy and ages; (b) kind and provenance of supplies (immature and supermature petrofacies from internal and external margins, respectively); (c) presence of “mixed successions” (composed of alternating internal and external petrofacies) attesting to clear palaeogeographic relationships between opposite depositional systems; and (d) timing of the deformation. In addition, specific lithofacies reveal correspondence with similar sedimentary events, such as: (1) very thick silicoclastic supply concentrated in restricted time ranges indicating the main deformational phases in the margin/basin systems; (2) levels rich in black-shales, glauconian, siliceous-producers, and volcaniclastic intercalations, widespread in the studied successions and linked to particular events at the Tethyan scale (anoxic periods, starvation-upwelling, acid-intermediate penecontemporaneous volcanic activity, respectively). Tectonic influence has also been recorded by means of unconformities and tectofacies (such as turbidites, slumps, or olisthostromes, etc.), being correlated with the main deformational phases. Similar stratigraphic and tectonic events have also been found in the Calvana unit of Val Marecchia nappe (Ligurides, northern Apennine). Correlations of stratigraphic and tectonic events support the proposal of an evolutionary geodynamic model involving the presence of a “Mesomediterranean microplate” in intermediate position during Africa-Europe convergence. The closure of central-western Tethys occasioned the Betic-Maghrebian-southern Apennine oceanic branch deformation and the birth of perimediterranean chains during middle-late Miocene.