Género y desarrollo profesional: las enfermeras de salud pública en la España del período de entreguerras, 1925-1939

La evolución de la profesión de enfermería a lo largo de la historia ha estado marcada por su naturaleza mayoritariamente femenina. A través del ejemplo de las enfermeras de salud pública del periodo entreguerras, se analiza su contribución en las iniciativas de salud comunitaria que se pusieron en marcha en España en las décadas de 1920 y 1930, y se abordan los condicionantes de género que determinaron su actividad y su emergencia como colectivo profesional. La investigación ha permitido visualizar las dos caras de una misma realidad; por un lado la contribución singular de las enfermeras a la salud de la población, y por otro, los obstáculos y dificultades vinculadas a su naturaleza femenina, y que han llegado hasta nuestros días, perpetuando situaciones de desigualdad y discriminación.

Microwave-assisted multicomponent diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ethyl glyoxylate derived azomethine ylides

The thermal multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) of diethyl aminomalonate or α-amino esters (derived from glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, and phenylglycine) with ethyl glyoxylate and the corresponding dipolarophile such as maleimides, methyl acrylate, methyl fumarate, (E)-1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene, and electron deficient alkynes allows the diastereoselective synthesis of new polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. Microwave-assisted heating processes give better results than conventional heating ones, affording endo-cycloadducts as major stereoisomers. In general, 2,5-cis-cycloadducts are preferentially formed according to the previous formation of the W-shaped dipole. Only in the 1,3-DC of the disulfone with phenylglycine and ethyl glyoxylate the corresponding exo-trans-cycloadduct was isolated. The compound endo-cis-4b, derived from phenylalanine, ethyl glyoxylate and N-benzylmaleimide, has been further transformed into a very complex diazabicyclo[2.2.1]octane skeleton with potential biological activity.

Las competencias digitales de los futuros docentes: un análisis con estudiantes de Magisterio de Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Alicante

En el presente trabajo se detalla el estudio descriptivo realizado sobre las competencias digitales en alumnos de Magisterio de Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Alicante. El objetivo del estudio era conocer las competencias digitales en cuanto al uso y dominio de las TIC por parte de futuros docentes. Como herramienta de recogida de datos se ha empleado el cuestionario validado por Guzmán (2008) Utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación [TIC] en estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un buen nivel de uso y dominio de las herramientas TIC, así como un buen nivel en la competencia digital.

Open-access operating algorithms for commercial videokeratographer and improvement of corneal sampling

We present an algorithm to process images of reflected Placido rings captured by a commercial videokeratoscope. Raw data are obtained with no Cartesian-to-polar-coordinate conversion, thus avoiding interpolation and associated numerical artifacts. The method provides a characteristic equation for the device and is able to process around 6 times more corneal data than the commercial software. Our proposal allows complete control over the whole process from the capture of corneal images until the computation of curvature radii.

Proline and pyrrolidine derivatives: new drug cadidates for hepatitis C treatment

The more advantageous hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibitors (most of them incorporating polysubstituted prolines or pyrrolidines) are detailed in this paper. The improvement of current treatments by combination of antiviral drugs is the driving force of this race to reduce the fast proliferation of this virus. The enhancement of efficiency in short periods of treatment is crucial in the economical point of view and for the hope of all infected people. New protease or polymerase inhibitors have been recently developed in order to substitute the traditional highly toxic PEG-interferon α-2b/ribavirin tandem. The contribution of our group in this field concerns the elaboration of the first and second generation GSK polymerase inhibitors through enantioselective processes based on silver(I)- and gold(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides.

Material demands for storage technologies in a hydrogen economy

A hydrogen economy is needed, in order to resolve current environmental and energy-related problems. For the introduction of hydrogen as an important energy vector, sophisticated materials are required. This paper provides a brief overview of the subject, with a focus on hydrogen storage technologies for mobile applications. The unique properties of hydrogen are addressed, from which its advantages and challenges can be derived. Different hydrogen storage technologies are described and evaluated, including compression, liquefaction, and metal hydrides, as well as porous materials. This latter class of materials is outlined in more detail, explaining the physisorption interaction which leads to the adsorption of hydrogen molecules and discussing the material characteristics which are required for hydrogen storage application. Finally, a short survey of different porous materials is given which are currently investigated for hydrogen storage, including zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous polymers, aerogels, boron nitride materials, and activated carbon materials.

Adsorbent density impact on gas storage capacities

In the literature, different approaches, terminologies, concepts and equations are used for calculating gas storage capacities. Very often, these approaches are not well defined, used and/or determined, giving rise to significant misconceptions. Even more, some of these approaches, very much associated with the type of adsorbent material used (e.g., porous carbons or new materials such as COFs and MOFs), impede a suitable comparison of their performances for gas storage applications. We review and present the set of equations used to assess the total storage capacity for which, contrarily to the absolute adsorption assessment, all its experimental variables can be determined experimentally without assumptions, ensuring the comparison of different porous storage materials for practical application. These material-based total storage capacities are calculated by taking into account the excess adsorption, the bulk density (ρbulk) and the true density (ρtrue) of the adsorbent. The impact of the material densities on the results are investigated for an exemplary hydrogen isotherm obtained at room temperature and up to 20 MPa. It turns out that the total storage capacity on a volumetric basis, which increases with both, ρbulk and ρtrue, is the most appropriate tool for comparing the performance of storage materials. However, the use of the total storage capacities on a gravimetric basis cannot be recommended, because low material bulk densities could lead to unrealistically high gravimetric values.

Retinal image quality assessment through a visual similarity index

Retinal image quality is commonly analyzed through parameters inherited from instrumental optics. These parameters are defined for ‘good optics’ so they are hard to translate into visual quality metrics. Instead of using point or artificial functions, we propose a quality index that takes into account properties of natural images. These images usually show strong local correlations that help to interpret the image. Our aim is to derive an objective index that quantifies the quality of vision by taking into account the local structure of the scene, instead of focusing on a particular aberration. As we show, this index highly correlates with visual acuity and allows inter-comparison of natural images around the retina. The usefulness of the index is proven through the analysis of real eyes before and after undergoing corneal surgery, which usually are hard to analyze with standard metrics.

Image processing for safety assessment in Civil Engineering

Behaviour analysis of construction safety systems is of fundamental importance to avoid accidental injuries. Traditionally, measurements of dynamic actions in Civil Engineering have been done through accelerometers, but high-speed cameras and image processing techniques can play an important role in this area. Here, we propose using morphological image filtering and Hough transform on high-speed video sequence as tools for dynamic measurements on that field. The presented method is applied to obtain the trajectory and acceleration of a cylindrical ballast falling from a building and trapped by a thread net. Results show that safety recommendations given in construction codes can be potentially dangerous for workers.

Análisis cinético y estudio de la emisión de contaminantes durante la descomposición térmica de circuitos impresos considerando el efecto de la presencia de metales

Generalitat Valenciana: PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia: CTQ2008-05520.

Estudio de la generación de PCDD/Fs durante el proceso de compostaje

Los autores desean agradecer a la Universidad de Alicante por su apoyo económico para llevar a cabo esta investigación y el proyecto CTQ 2008-05520 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Prometeo 2009/043/FEDER de la Comunidad Valenciana de España.

De novo synthesis of brominated dioxins and furans by thermogravimetry

Support for this work was provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) with projects PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER, and by the Spanish MCT CTQ2008-05520.

Effect of the metal in the production of pollutants during the decomposition of two types of electric wires

Support for this work was provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) with projects PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER, and by the Spanish MCT CTQ2008-05520.

Analysis of halogenated compounds in landfill gas

The authors thank the research project CTQ2008-05520 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER from the Valencian Community Government (Spain) for the support provided.

Estudio de las emisiones generadas durante la combustión incontrolada de residuos no metálicos de automóviles fuera de uso

Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias a la ayuda de los proyectos CTQ2008-05520 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) y Prometeo/2009/043/FEDER (Generalitat Valenciana).