Mapping und Erweiterung der Ontologie des Forschungsinformationssystems VIVO

Die Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ontologie des Forschungsinformationssystems VIVO. In der Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, die Ontologie an die Besonderheiten des deutschen Wissenschaftsbetriebs anzupassen, mit dem Ziel, die Einführung des Systems für eine deutsche Einrichtung zu erleichtern. Das Mapping und die Erweiterung sind auf die Bereiche „Positionsbezeichnungen“ und „Organisationseinheiten“ beschränkt. Der theoretische Teil behandelt das Thema der Forschungsinformationen und deren Implementierung in ein Forschungsinformationssystem. Unter anderem werden auch die Tendenzen der Standardisierung in dem Bereich beleuchtet. Bei der Darstellung von VIVO als eine Semantic-Web-Anwendung steht die Ontologie, als Grundlage für die Funktionalitäten des Systems im Vordergrund.

Potenziale von Linked Open Data in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken

Das Thema Linked Open Data hat in den vergangenen Jahren im Bereich der Bibliotheken viel Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Unterschiedlichste Projekte werden von Bibliotheken betrieben, um Linked Open Data für die Einrichtung und die Kunden nutzbringend einzusetzen. Ausgangspunkt für diese Arbeit ist die These, dass Linked Open Data im Bibliotheksbereich das größte Potenzial freisetzen kann. Es wird überprüft, inwiefern diese Aussage auch auf Öffentliche Bibliotheken zutrifft und aufgezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten sich daraus ergeben könnten. Die Arbeit führt in die Grundlagen von Linked Open Data (LOD) ein und betrachtet die Entwicklungen im Bibliotheksbereich. Dabei werden besonders Initiativen zur Behandlung bibliothekarischer Metadaten und der aktuelle Entwicklungsstand von LOD-fähigen Bibliothekssystemen behandelt. Danach wird eine Auswahl an LOD-Datensets vorgestellt, die bibliothekarische Metadaten liefern oder deren Daten als Anreicherungsinformationen in Kataloganwendungen eingesetzt werden können. Im Anschluss wird das Projekt OpenCat der Öffentlichen Bibliothek Fresnes (Frankreich) sowie das LOD-Projekt an der Deichmanske Bibliothek Oslo (Norwegen) vorgestellt. Darauf folgt ein Einblick in die Möglichkeiten, welche durch die Verwendung von LOD in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken verwirklicht werden könnten sowie erste Handlungsempfehlungen für Öffentliche Bibliotheken.

Wertorientierte Unternehmensführung am Beispiel der DAX-30-Unternehmen – Qualitative und quantitative Auswertung auf Grundlage der externen Geschäftsberichterstattung

Eine wertorientierte Unternehmensführung hat in den letzten Jahren in den Unternehmen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Wertorientierung stellt dabei ein Führungsverhalten dar, welches sich mit der Gestaltung und Realisierung von wertorientierten Zielen auf Managementebene beschäftigt. Heutzutage lebt Wertorientierung vom Einklang aus ökonomischen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich mit der Geschäftsberichtsanalyse der DAX-30-Unternehmen hinsichtlich wertorientierter Steuerung. Dabei werden Unternehmen hinsichtlich ihres Bekenntnisses zur Wertorientierung, Veröffentlichung wertorientierter Kennzahlen und Höhe der Kapitalkostensätze untersucht.Hierbei kommt der Vergleichbarkeit und Transparenz eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Die Untersuchung ergibt ein hohes Bekenntnis zur Wertorientierung in nahezu allen betrachteten DAX-Unternehmen. Die Unternehmen führen viele Spitzenkennzahlen an, die vorwiegend auf dem Economic Value Added basieren. Zusätzlich werden eine Reihe weiterer, in der betrieblichen Praxis als wertorientierte Kennzahlen genutzte Messgrößen, herausgegeben. Eine Vergleichbarkeit untereinander gestaltet sich sehr schwierig, da Berechnung und Bezeichnung gleicher Kennzahlen sehr unterschiedlich sind. Daran wird sich ohne einheitlichen Standard in naher bis mittelfristiger Zukunft nichts ändern.

Bewertungsaspekte und Tests in Java-Programmieraufgaben für Graja im ProFormA-Aufgabenformat

Ein Autobewerter für von Studierenden eingereichte Programme führt die im ProFormA-Aufgabenformat sequentiell spezifizierten "Tests" aus, um die Einreichung zu prüfen. Bzgl. der Interpretation und Darstellung der Testausführungsergebnisse gibt es derzeit keinen graderübergreifenden Standard. Wir beschreiben eine Erweiterung des ProFormA-Aufgabenformats um eine Hierarchie von Bewertungsaspekten, die nach didaktischen Aspekten gruppiert ist und Referenzen auf die Testausführungen besitzt. Die Erweiterung wurde in Graja umgesetzt, einem Autobewerter für Java-Programme. Je nach gewünschter Detailaufschlüsselung der Bewertungsaspekte müssen in der Konsequenz Testausführungen in Teilausführungen aufgebrochen werden. Wir illustrieren unseren Vorschlag unter Einsatz der Testwerkzeuge Compiler, dynamischer Softwaretest, statische Analyse sowie unter Einsatz menschlicher Bewerter.

Partnerschaftliche Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in Medienunternehmen: Wirkungsweise und Steuerungsmechanismen

Angesichts der tiefgreifenden Veränderungen in der Medienbranche (z. B. Digitalisierung, Konvergenz) müssen Medienunternehmen gemeinsam mit externen Partnern innovative Geschäftsmodelle vorantreiben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Bedeutung der Beziehungsqualität und der Nutzung von Steuerungsmechanismen für den Erfolg unternehmensübergreifender Geschäftsmodellinnovationen. Anhand eines Datensatzes von 198 Medienunternehmen weisen wir einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Beziehungsintensität und der Umsetzung von Geschäftsmodellinnovationen nach. Dieser Zusammenhang wird durch ein starkes Vertrauen und detaillierte formelle Verträge zwischen den Partnern zusätzlich gefördert. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, wie Medienunternehmen Partnerschaften im Kontext von Business-Model-Innovationen effektiv gestalten können.

Roving Librarians in der Zentralbibliothek der Hochschule Hannover: ein Experiment

In der Zentralbibliothek der Hochschule Hannover wurde ab Wintersemester 2012 ein Experiment mit Roving Librarians durchgeführt, um die Auskunftsqualität zu verbessern. Die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Bibliothek liefen zu diesem Zweck mit einem Netbook ausgerüstet durch den Benutzungsbereich der Bibliothek, um Fragen der Nutzer und Nutzerinnen gleich dort aufzufangen, wo sie entstehen. Der Versuch kann nicht als erfolgreich bezeichnet werden, doch konnten während des Experiments wertvolle Einblicke in Nutzerwünsche gewonnen werden.

Open Government in Deutschland - welche Ziele des Koalitionsvertrags hat die aktuelle Bundesregierung bis jetzt erreicht?

Dieses Paper geht auf eine Prüfungsleistung vom 14.02.2016 in der Lehrveranstaltung „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Informationsmanagement“ im Wintersemester 2015/16 aus dem Studiengang Informationsmanagement (berufsbegleitend) der Hochschule Hannover unter Frau Dr. Ina Blümel zurück. Das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist eine umfassenden Literatur- und Internetrecherche zum Thema Open Government in Deutschland. Hierbei steht die Fragestellung "Welche Ziele hat die aktuelle Bundesregierung bis jetzt erreicht?" auf Basis des Koalitionsvertrags der 18.Legislaturperiode im Mittelpunkt. Es wird eine Übersicht über die Gesetzesgrundlage mit einem Fokus auf dem e-Government-Gesetz gegeben. Zudem wird der aktuelle Sachstand des Koalitionsvertrags betreffend Open Government an neun Punkten betrachtet und abschließend bewertet.

Genometa - A Fast and Accurate Classifier for Short Metagenomic Shotgun Reads

Metagenomic studies use high-throughput sequence data to investigate microbial communities in situ. However, considerable challenges remain in the analysis of these data, particularly with regard to speed and reliable analysis of microbial species as opposed to higher level taxa such as phyla. We here present Genometa, a computationally undemanding graphical user interface program that enables identification of bacterial species and gene content from datasets generated by inexpensive high-throughput short read sequencing technologies. Our approach was first verified on two simulated metagenomic short read datasets, detecting 100% and 94% of the bacterial species included with few false positives or false negatives. Subsequent comparative benchmarking analysis against three popular metagenomic algorithms on an Illumina human gut dataset revealed Genometa to attribute the most reads to bacteria at species level (i.e. including all strains of that species) and demonstrate similar or better accuracy than the other programs. Lastly, speed was demonstrated to be many times that of BLAST due to the use of modern short read aligners. Our method is highly accurate if bacteria in the sample are represented by genomes in the reference sequence but cannot find species absent from the reference. This method is one of the most user-friendly and resource efficient approaches and is thus feasible for rapidly analysing millions of short reads on a personal computer.

Euphorbia tirucalli L.–Comprehensive Characterization of a Drought Tolerant Plant with a Potential as Biofuel Source

Of late, decrease in mineral oil supplies has stimulated research on use of biomass as an alternative energy source. Climate change has brought problems such as increased drought and erratic rains. This, together with a rise in land degeneration problems with concomitant loss in soil fertility has inspired the scientific world to look for alternative bio-energy species. Euphorbia tirucalli L., a tree with C3/CAM metabolism in leaves/stem, can be cultivated on marginal, arid land and could be a good alternative source of biofuel. We analyzed a broad variety of E. tirucalli plants collected from different countries for their genetic diversity using AFLP. Physiological responses to induced drought stress were determined in a number of genotypes by monitoring growth parameters and influence on photosynthesis. For future breeding of economically interesting genotypes, rubber content and biogas production were quantified. Cluster analysis shows that the studied genotypes are divided into two groups, African and mostly non-African genotypes. Different genotypes respond significantly different to various levels of water. Malate measurement indicates that there is induction of CAM in leaves following drought stress. Rubber content varies strongly between genotypes. An investigation of the biogas production capacities of six E. tirucalli genotypes reveals biogas yields higher than from rapeseed but lower than maize silage.

Symptoms of Poststroke Depression among Stroke Survivors: An Appraisal of Psychiatry Needs and Care during Physiotherapy Rehabilitation

Purpose. To identify stroke survivors with symptoms of poststroke depression and the extent of psychiatry needs and care they have received while on physiotherapy rehabilitation. Participants. Fifty stroke survivors (22 females and 28 males) at the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who gave their informed consent, were randomly selected. Their age range and mean age were 26–66 years and 54.76 ± 8.79 years, respectively. Method. A multiple case study of 50 stroke survivors for symptoms of poststroke depression was done with Beck’s Depression Inventory, mini mental status examination tool, and Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The tests were performed independently by the participants except otherwise stated and scored on a scale of 0–6. Data were analyzed using -test for proportional significance and chi-square test for determining relationship between variables, at p < 0.05. Results. Twenty-one (42.0%) stroke survivors had symptoms of PSD, which was significantly dependent on duration of stroke ( = 21.680, df = 6, and p = 0.001), yet none of the participants had a psychiatry review. Conclusions. Symptoms of PSD may be common in cold compared to new cases of stroke and may need psychiatry care while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.

Automated generic integration of flight logbook data into aircraft maintenance systems

The automated transfer of flight logbook information from aircrafts into aircraft maintenance systems leads to reduced ground and maintenance time and is thus desirable from an economical point of view. Until recently, flight logbooks have not been managed electronically in aircrafts or at least the data transfer from aircraft to ground maintenance system has been executed manually. Latest aircraft types such as the Airbus A380 or the Boeing 787 do support an electronic logbook and thus make an automated transfer possible. A generic flight logbook transfer system must deal with different data formats on the input side – due to different aircraft makes and models – as well as different, distributed aircraft maintenance systems for different airlines as aircraft operators. This article contributes the concept and top level distributed system architecture of such a generic system for automated flight log data transfer. It has been developed within a joint industry and applied research project. The architecture has already been successfully evaluated in a prototypical implementation.

Mobile Technologies: Expectancy, Usage, and Acceptance of Clinical Staff and Patients at a University Medical Center

BACKGROUND: Despite their increasing popularity, little is known about how users perceive mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs in medical contexts. Available studies are often restricted to evaluating the success of specific interventions and do not adequately cover the users' basic attitudes, for example, their expectations or concerns toward using mobile devices in medical settings. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture, both from the perspective of the patients, as well as the doctors, regarding the use and acceptance of mobile devices within medical contexts in general well as the perceived challenges when introducing the technology. METHODS: Doctors working at Hannover Medical School (206/1151, response 17.90%), as well as patients being admitted to this facility (213/279, utilization 76.3%) were surveyed about their acceptance and use of mobile devices in medical settings. Regarding demographics, both samples were representative of the respective study population. GNU R (version 3.1.1) was used for statistical testing. Fisher's exact test, two-sided, alpha=.05 with Monte Carlo approximation, 2000 replicates, was applied to determine dependencies between two variables. RESULTS: The majority of participants already own mobile devices (doctors, 168/206, 81.6%; patients, 110/213, 51.6%). For doctors, use in a professional context does not depend on age (P=.66), professional experience (P=.80), or function (P=.34); gender was a factor (P=.009), and use was more common among male (61/135, 45.2%) than female doctors (17/67, 25%). A correlation between use of mobile devices and age (P=.001) as well as education (P=.002) was seen for patients. Minor differences regarding how mobile devices are perceived in sensitive medical contexts mostly relate to data security, patients are more critical of the devices being used for storing and processing patient data; every fifth patient opposed this, but nevertheless, 4.8% of doctors (10/206) use their devices for this purpose. Both groups voiced only minor concerns about the credibility of the provided content or the technical reliability of the devices. While 8.3% of the doctors (17/206) avoided use during patient contact because they thought patients might be unfamiliar with the devices, (25/213) 11.7% of patients expressed concerns about the technology being too complicated to be used in a health context. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in how patients and doctors perceive the use of mobile devices can be attributed to age and level of education; these factors are often mentioned as contributors of the problems with (mobile) technologies. To fully realize the potential of mobile technologies in a health care context, the needs of both the elderly as well as those who are educationally disadvantaged need to be carefully addressed in all strategies relating to mobile technology in a health context.

Physician choice making and characteristics associated with using physician-rating websites: cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, physician-rating websites have been gaining attention in scientific literature and in the media. However, little knowledge is available about the awareness and the impact of using such sites on health care professionals. It also remains unclear what key predictors are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the current level of awareness and use of physician-rating websites in Germany and to determine their impact on physician choice making and the key predictors which are associated with the knowledge and the use of physician-rating websites. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. An online panel was consulted in January 2013. A questionnaire was developed containing 28 questions; a pretest was carried out to assess the comprehension of the questionnaire. Several sociodemographic (eg, age, gender, health insurance status, Internet use) and 2 health-related independent variables (ie, health status and health care utilization) were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t tests. Binary multivariate logistic regression models were performed for elaborating the characteristics of physician-rating website users. Results from the logistic regression are presented for both the observed and weighted sample. RESULTS: In total, 1505 respondents (mean age 43.73 years, SD 14.39; 857/1505, 57.25% female) completed our survey. Of all respondents, 32.09% (483/1505) heard of physician-rating websites and 25.32% (381/1505) already had used a website when searching for a physician. Furthermore, 11.03% (166/1505) had already posted a rating on a physician-rating website. Approximately 65.35% (249/381) consulted a particular physician based on the ratings shown on the websites; in contrast, 52.23% (199/381) had not consulted a particular physician because of the publicly reported ratings. Significantly higher likelihoods for being aware of the websites could be demonstrated for female participants (P<.001), those who were widowed (P=.01), covered by statutory health insurance (P=.02), and with higher health care utilization (P<.001). Health care utilization was significantly associated with all dependent variables in our multivariate logistic regression models (P<.001). Furthermore, significantly higher scores could be shown for health insurance status in the unweighted and Internet use in the weighted models. CONCLUSIONS: Neither health policy makers nor physicians should underestimate the influence of physician-rating websites. They already play an important role in providing information to help patients decide on an appropriate physician. Assuming there will be a rising level of public awareness, the influence of their use will increase well into the future. Future studies should assess the impact of physician-rating websites under experimental conditions and investigate whether physician-rating websites have the potential to reflect the quality of care offered by health care providers.

A cross-sectional study assessing the association between online ratings and structural and quality of care measures : results from two German physician rating websites

BACKGROUND: Even though physician rating websites (PRWs) have been gaining in importance in both practice and research, little evidence is available on the association of patients' online ratings with the quality of care of physicians. It thus remains unclear whether patients should rely on these ratings when selecting a physician. The objective of this study was to measure the association between online ratings and structural and quality of care measures for 65 physician practices from the German Integrated Health Care Network "Quality and Efficiency" (QuE). METHODS: Online reviews from two German PRWs were included which covered a three-year period (2011 to 2013) and included 1179 and 991 ratings, respectively. Information for 65 QuE practices was obtained for the year 2012 and included 21 measures related to structural information (N = 6), process quality (N = 10), intermediate outcomes (N = 2), patient satisfaction (N = 1), and costs (N = 2). The Spearman rank coefficient of correlation was applied to measure the association between ratings and practice-related information. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction results from offline surveys and the patients per doctor ratio in a practice were shown to be significantly associated with online ratings on both PRWs. For one PRW, additional significant associations could be shown between online ratings and cost-related measures for medication, preventative examinations, and one diabetes type 2-related intermediate outcome measure. There again, results from the second PRW showed significant associations with the age of the physicians and the number of patients per practice, four process-related quality measures for diabetes type 2 and asthma, and one cost-related measure for medication. CONCLUSIONS: Several significant associations were found which varied between the PRWs. Patients interested in the satisfaction of other patients with a physician might select a physician on the basis of online ratings. Even though our results indicate associations with some diabetes and asthma measures, but not with coronary heart disease measures, there is still insufficient evidence to draw strong conclusions. The limited number of practices in our study may have weakened our findings.

Asynchronous Messaging for OSGi

OSGi is a popular Java-based platform, which has its roots in the area of embedded systems. However, nowadays it is used more and more in enterprise systems. To fit this new application area, OSGi has recently been extended with the Remote Services specification. This specification enables distribution, which OSGi was previously lacking. However, the specification provides means for synchronous communication only and leaves out asynchronous communication. As an attempt to fill a gap in this field, we propose, implement and evaluate an approach for the integration of asynchronous messaging into OSGi.