Influência da superfície sedimentar na dinâmica das macroalgas verdes e da sua macroepifauna associada na Ria Formosa

O sistema lagunar, conhecido vulgarmente por Ria Formosa, desenvolve-se na costa meridional Portuguesa, desde o Ancão a ocidente até Cacela a oriente. Com extensão, de aproximadamente 55 km, apresenta a sua maior largura, de 6 km, no sector Norte-Sul entre Faro e o Cabo de Santa Maria. Este sistema é um conjunto de ilhas-barreira que proteje a zona lagunar adjacente à plataforma litoral algarvia, da invasão marinha. A área total do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa é aproximadamente de 163 km2, sendo 48 km2 cobertos por sapal e 32 km2 ocupados por canais, esteiros e baixios (Teixeira & Alvim, 1978). Durante as marés vivas, as áreas intertidais expostas são de aproximadamente 50 km2. Estas áreas são predominantemente cobertas por plantas de sapal (Spartina maritima), angiospérmicas marinhas (Zostera e Cymodocea) e mantos de macroalgas (Entermorpha, Ulva e Fucus). 20 km2 do sistema são ocupados por salinas e aquaculturas (CCRA, 1984).

B-spline and neuro-fuzzy models design with function and derivative equalities

The design of neuro-fuzzy models is still a complex problem, as it involves not only the determination of the model parameters, but also its structure. Of special importance is the incorporation of a priori information in the design process. In this paper two known design algorithms for B-spline models will be updated to account for function and derivatives equality restrictions, which are important when the neural model is used for performing single or multi-objective optimization on-line.

Hydrodynamic model intercomparison for the patos lagoon (Brazil)

An intercomparison study is carried out between two models with different formulations and spatial discretizations in order to overcome the limitations posed by the standard calibration and validation procedures and improve confidence in the hydrodynamic results for the Patos Lagoon. Numerical simulations were carried out applying the TELEMAC and MOHID models, based on the same boundary conditions and identical calibration coefficients so differences in calculated flow conditions result from the formulations and parameterizations of each model. Results from both models are compared with measurements from three stations inside the lagoon. Preliminary results indicate that both models compare well with the measurements and with each other. These results increase the confidence on hydrodynamic results for the Patos Lagoon and provide the first step towards water quality studies for the area.

Modelling and simulation of three-phase power transformers

This paper presents the development and implementation of a digital simulation model of a three-phase, three-leg, power transformer. The proposed model, implemented in MATLAB environment, is based on the physical concept of representing windings as mutually coupled coils, and it is intended to study its adequacy to incorporate, at a later stage, the influences of the occurrence of windings inter- turn short-circuits. Both simulation and laboratory tests results, obtained so far, for a three-phase, 6 kVA transformer, demonstrate the adequacy of the model under normal operating conditions.

An evaluation of the accuracy of models for the determination of the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere

The estimates of the zenith wet delay resulting from the analysis of data from space techniques, such as GPS and VLBI, have a strong potential in climate modeling and weather forecast applications. In order to be useful to meteorology, these estimates have to be converted to precipitable water vapor, a process that requires the knowledge of the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere, which varies both in space and time. In recent years, several models have been proposed to predict this quantity. Using a database of mean temperature values obtained by ray-tracing radiosonde profiles of more than 100 stations covering the globe, and about 2.5 year’s worth of data, we have analyzed several of these models. Based on data from the European region, we have concluded that the models provide identical levels of precision, but different levels of accuracy. Our results indicate that regionally-optimized models do not provide superior performance compared to the global models.

Aplicação de algoritmos genéticos na optimização de secções de vigas de betão armado

A generalidade dos problemas de ordem prática no domínio do dimensionamento das estruturas incluem variáveis discretas. Os métodos matemáticos tradicionais apresentam dificuldades na procura dos óptimos globais em problemas não lineares discretos. Os algoritmos genéticos constituem uma heurística eficaz na optimização de sistemas estruturais que envolvem variáveis discretas e contínuas. No presente trabalho, descreve-se uma metodologia que visa a optimização da forma geométrica da secção, do dimensionamento e colocação das armaduras em vigas de betão armado, com recurso a algoritmos genéticos. Apresenta-se um exemplo de aplicação da metodologia proposta.

Hydrological modelling of Maranhão and Pracana Basins, a first approach

Modelling the hydrology of hydrographic basins has shown itself as a useful tool in environment management. The hydrological models can be used for multiple purposes: estimate runoff from sequences of rainfall, access stream water quality, quantify the diffuse pollution that reaches water masses such as estuaries, rivers and lakes, etc. This study has as final objective to simulate and analyse the flow, sediment transport and water quality as a function of landuse and soil type in the basins of Maranhão and Pracana. The modelling system used is SWAT, Soil Water Assessment Tool. In this first phase of the study the hydrodynamic calibration of the model was performed using measurements of average daily flows in five stations. The model compares well with the measurements; the annual average flows are similar and the majority of the measured flow peaks coincide with the model peaks.

Caracterização dinâmica das bancadas principais do Estádio Algarve

No presente artigo apresenta-se o estudo de revisão do Projecto de Estabilidade e Fundações das Bancadas Nascente e Poente do Estádio Algarve. Dá-se relevo ao comportamento dinâmico da estrutura da Bancada Poente, com a descrição das respostas da mesma perante a acção sísmica e a acção das multidões.

Design of B-spline neural networks using a bacterial programming approach

The design phase of B-spline neural networks represents a very high computational task. For this purpose, heuristics have been developed, but have been shown to be dependent on the initial conditions employed. In this paper a new technique, Bacterial Programming, is proposed, whose principles are based on the replication of the microbial evolution phenomenon. The performance of this approach is illustrated and compared with existing alternatives.

Metodologia para o dimensionamento do reforço sísmico de edifícios

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia para o dimensionamento do reforço de edifícios existentes com estrutura em betão armado, sujeitos à acção sísmica. O método de análise é constituído por três fases: avaliação estrutural; avaliação da segurança estrutural e dimensionamento do reforço.

EU water framework directive: will the nitrate load reduction from diffuse sources produce the same results in all estuaries?

The impact of urban waste-water and non-point nitrate discharges in estuarine and near-shore coastal waters are analyzed. The study is focused on the effects of applying the European directives 91/271/EEC and 91/676/EEC to these systems. 4 Portuguese estuaries and two coastal lagoons with different characteristics are studied. A modelling system is applied and calibrated in each system. Three nitrate load scenarios are examined. It is shown that the morphologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of the domain largely control the ecological processes in these systems. The primary production limitation factors are split into “biologic” and “hydrodynamic” components. The physical limitation due to hydrodynamic and residence time is the most important factor. The combined limitation of “biologic” factors (temperature, light and nutrients availability) control productivity only in the systems where physical limitation is not important.

Building the what and where systems: multi-scale lines, edges and keypoints

Computer vision for realtime applications requires tremendous computational power because all images must be processed from the first to the last pixel. Ac tive vision by probing specific objects on the basis of already acquired context may lead to a significant reduction of processing. This idea is based on a few concepts from our visual cortex (Rensink, Visual Cogn. 7, 17-42, 2000): (1) our physical surround can be seen as memory, i.e. there is no need to construct detailed and complete maps, (2) the bandwidth of the what and where systems is limited, i.e. only one object can be probed at any time, and (3) bottom-up, low-level feature extraction is complemented by top-down hypothesis testing, i.e. there is a rapid convergence of activities in dendritic/axonal connections.

Estágios curriculares do bacharelato em Engenharia Mecânica

Os planos curriculares da globalidade dos cursos de Bacharelato ministrados na Escola Superior de Tecnologia (EST) contêm uma disciplina designada por Estágio, de carácter obrigatório, a qual se desenvolve, em geral, no período compreendido entre o final do 2º semestre e o início do 1º semestre do ano lectivo seguinte. O seu objectivo primordial é o de permitir a integração dos alunos em situações de actividade profissional concretas, num ambiente real e externo à Escola, como complemento da sua formação académica.

A new combined joules supercritical rankine cycle exergetic analysis and optimization

The application of a supercritical Rankine cycle in combined cycles does not happen in today’s thermoelectric power stations. Nevertheless, the most recent development in gas turbines, that allows a high efficiency and high exhaust gases temperatures, and the improvement of high pressure and temperature alloys, makes this cycle possible. This study’s intent is to prove the viability of this combined cycle, since it can break the 60% efficiency barrier, which is the plafond in actual power stations. To attain this target, several configurations for this cycle have been simulated, optimized and analyzed [1]. The simulations were done with the computational program IPSEpro [2] and the optimizations were effectuated with software developed for the effect, using the DFP method [3]. In parallel with the optimization that claims the cycle’s efficiency maximization, an exergetic analysis was also made [4] to all the cycle components. In opposite to what happens in subcritical combined cycles, it was demonstrated that in supercritical combined cycles the higher efficiency takes place with a single steam pressure in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).

Benthic biotope index for classifying estuarine habitats

An integration of sediment physical, chemical, biological, and toxicity data is necessary for a meaningful interpretation of the complex sediment conditions in the marine environment. Assessment of benthic community is a vital component for that interpretation, yet their evaluation is complex and requires a large expenditure of time and funds. Thus, there is a need for new tools that are less expensive and more understandable for managers. This paper presents a benthic biotope index to predict from physical and chemical variables the occurrence of macrobenthic habitats, applied to Sado Estuary, as a case of study.