Methodologies for traffic profiling in communication networks

Internet Tra c, Internet Applications, Internet Attacks, Tra c Pro ling, Multi-Scale Analysis abstract Nowadays, the Internet can be seen as an ever-changing platform where new and di erent types of services and applications are constantly emerging. In fact, many of the existing dominant applications, such as social networks, have appeared recently, being rapidly adopted by the user community. All these new applications required the implementation of novel communication protocols that present di erent network requirements, according to the service they deploy. All this diversity and novelty has lead to an increasing need of accurately pro ling Internet users, by mapping their tra c to the originating application, in order to improve many network management tasks such as resources optimization, network performance, service personalization and security. However, accurately mapping tra c to its originating application is a di cult task due to the inherent complexity of existing network protocols and to several restrictions that prevent the analysis of the contents of the generated tra c. In fact, many technologies, such as tra c encryption, are widely deployed to assure and protect the con dentiality and integrity of communications over the Internet. On the other hand, many legal constraints also forbid the analysis of the clients' tra c in order to protect their con dentiality and privacy. Consequently, novel tra c discrimination methodologies are necessary for an accurate tra c classi cation and user pro ling. This thesis proposes several identi cation methodologies for an accurate Internet tra c pro ling while coping with the di erent mentioned restrictions and with the existing encryption techniques. By analyzing the several frequency components present in the captured tra c and inferring the presence of the di erent network and user related events, the proposed approaches are able to create a pro le for each one of the analyzed Internet applications. The use of several probabilistic models will allow the accurate association of the analyzed tra c to the corresponding application. Several enhancements will also be proposed in order to allow the identi cation of hidden illicit patterns and the real-time classi cation of captured tra c. In addition, a new network management paradigm for wired and wireless networks will be proposed. The analysis of the layer 2 tra c metrics and the di erent frequency components that are present in the captured tra c allows an e cient user pro ling in terms of the used web-application. Finally, some usage scenarios for these methodologies will be presented and discussed.

Práticas de gestão do design para o subsetor nacional de cerâmica utilitária e decorativa

O campo de análise do estudo compreende o subsetor de cerâmica utilitária e decorativa (CUD) nacional. Nesse contexto, o estudo analisa o papel atual do designer e propõe novas estratégias de gestão do design, como ferramentas estratégicas potenciadoras de inovação e de valor acrescentado, para o produto e para o desenvolvimento da empresa. A pertinência da investigação justifica-se pela necessidade premente da reestruturação estratégica das empresas do setor face ao cenário da crise atual. Os dados mais recentes disponibilizados do subsetor indicam que, de 2002 para 2008, encerraram 36,6% das empresas, o número de trabalhadores reduziu-se em 36,8% e o volume de negócios decresceu 32%. Acrescenta-se ainda que, do ano de 2008 para 2012, encerraram 15% das empresas da amostra. Pretende-se com este estudo não só definir o estado atual da arte e do subsetor mas, ir mais além, procurando respostas aos problemas detetados, através de ferramentas estratégicas para a gestão do design integrado nas estratégias de imagem, comercialização e produção. O estudo compreendeu as seguintes etapas: pesquisa, análise de dados e desenvolvimento dos resultados. A etapa da pesquisa correspondeu à recolha da documentação disponível para o contexto do subsetor e da gestão do design apresentado no estado da arte; a pesquisa de campo a seleção de empresas da amostra onde se realizaram questionários (em 2008 e 2012) e entrevistas (em 2008) no universo amostra. Na análise de dados, estes foram apresentados e analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa (com recurso a lugares estruturais e a palavras-chave) e relacionados com o estado de arte e desenvolvimento de resultados. A última etapa, desenvolvimento dos resultados, traduz-se pela idealização e construção de ferramentas sob a perspetiva da gestão do design nas empresas: em checklists da definição do trabalho do designer e da integração do designer nas estratégias de gestão do design, aplicadas ao subsetor; na definição das estratégias vigentes na amostra; na sugestão de uma estratégia de gestão de design direcionada para o subsetor e de planos de ação concordantes com a estratégia sugerida. A novidade do estudo está presente nas propostas de ferramentas estratégicas, onde se define o trabalho do designer, enuncia estratégias de gestão do design direcionadas ao subsetor, define campos de integração do designer nessas estratégias, caracteriza-se a aplicabilidade de práticas de gestão do design e sugere-se uma estratégia e planos de ação para aplicar ao subsetor de CUD. De modo a facilitar a aplicação da investigação e da análise aqui realizada, redigiu-se um manual de estratégias de gestão do design – Cerâmica design mais – para disponibilizar e apresentar futuramente ao subsetor e a todos os interessados no tema.

Bach's cello suites transcription and interpretation for baritone saxophone

Bach’s Suites for unaccompanied cello are a masterpiece of the Classical Western canon for their singularity and their creator’s mastery. A myriad of transcriptions were made throughout the centuries with bigger or lesser freedom. This thesis aims at revealing insights from the art of linear polyphony and its performance on a monophonic instrument such as the baritone saxophone. The study of the musical structure is supported by examples from the visual domain that help us to understand the notion of linear polyphony as a third-dimension object. The particularity of this study, in relation to the multiple existing literature about Bach’s music, is its focus on a wind player’s point of view, a saxophonist, which, given the restriction of the polyphonic possibilities of the instrument, reveals some discerning solutions on the performance, analysis and elaboration of the polyphonic thinking in Bach’s Suites. Similar to the relative novelty of the cello at Bach’s time, my work aims at giving as close as possible the same perspective of the music through a new vision and instrument. I analysed the art of linear polyphony and the techniques of elaboration of the melody in the Cello Suites, notably as a means to support the interpretation (e.g. articulation, phrasing, dynamics, vibrato, fingerings, etc.) and to devise a transcription of the Suites for the baritone saxophone. My choice felled on a transcription for baritone saxophone based on the manuscript from Anna Magdalena Bach, wishing to provide detailed guidelines for saxophonists who want to create a more informed interpretation. I hope to offer a better understanding of these works and to provide a reference to build and develop an individual interpretation, especially on the baritone saxophone.

Perfil e motivações do enoturista do pólo de turismo do Douro

O estudo do comportamento do consumidor turista é a chave para descodificar todas as atividades de marketing, usadas para desenvolver, comunicar e vender um produto turístico. A maximização destas atividades depende da compreensão da forma como os consumidores tomam as decisões para comprar ou utilizar os produtos turísticos (Swarbrooke e Horner, 1999). Deste modo, torna-se fundamental conhecer e compreender este tipo de turista, identificando as suas necessidades e, desta forma, criar novos pacotes de produtos, escolher os melhores canais de comunicação, estabelecer contactos com os operadores certos, de modo a adequar a oferta à procura. Assim, de forma a dar resposta às questões anteriormente definidas, foi elaborado o presente estudo, o qual tinha como objetivo principal identificar o perfil dos enoturistas, bem como as dimensões das motivações (push e pull) que estão relacionadas com a satisfação e, por conseguinte, com a sua lealdade. Deste modo foi realizada uma extensa revisão da literatura de referência nas áreas da motivação, satisfação, lealdade e dos modelos de decisão de compra, tendo especial atenção à tipologia do turista em causa. Resultante da revisão da literatura, e nela apoiada, foi construído um modelo de investigação que estabelece que as motivações (push e pull) influenciam positivamente a satisfação e, consequentemente, a lealdade ao destino e aos produtos do destino. Com o intuito de validar o modelo de investigação, foi realizado um estudo empírico que incluiu a recolha de dados primários, a partir de um questionário administrado com o apoio de algumas unidades de Turismo do Douro. Assim, a partir de uma amostra de 519 turistas, o estudo chama a atenção para a importância das motivações internas e externas na lealdade ao destino e aos produtos do destino. Deste modo, este estudo indica que os responsáveis das diferentes organizações do destino devem dar especial atenção aos fatores motivacionais internos, Reencontro com a Natureza (REN), Novidade e Conhecimento (NC), Relaxamento (REL) e Socialização (SOC) dado que estes fatores influenciam positivamente as motivações pull, as quais foram medidas através da Oferta de Atividades Enoturísticas (OAE), da Diversidade e Qualidade Gastronómica (DQG) e da Reputação da Região (RR), o que segundo o modelo testado faz aumentar a lealdade aos produtos da região. Por outro lado, os resultados fornecem evidências de que as Motivações Externas deste tipo de turista estão intimamente associadas com a vantagem competitiva da região. Por último, apresentam-se algumas das limitações inerentes ao estudo e sugerem-se pistas para a investigação futura que prossigam e complementem o presente trabalho.

Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental evaluation of concentrated solar power plants in Libya

The PhD project addresses the potential of using concentrating solar power (CSP) plants as a viable alternative energy producing system in Libya. Exergetic, energetic, economic and environmental analyses are carried out for a particular type of CSP plants. The study, although it aims a particular type of CSP plant – 50 MW parabolic trough-CSP plant, it is sufficiently general to be applied to other configurations. The novelty of the study, in addition to modeling and analyzing the selected configuration, lies in the use of a state-of-the-art exergetic analysis combined with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The modeling and simulation of the plant is carried out in chapter three and they are conducted into two parts, namely: power cycle and solar field. The computer model developed for the analysis of the plant is based on algebraic equations describing the power cycle and the solar field. The model was solved using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software; and is designed to define the properties at each state point of the plant and then, sequentially, to determine energy, efficiency and irreversibility for each component. The developed model has the potential of using in the preliminary design of CSPs and, in particular, for the configuration of the solar field based on existing commercial plants. Moreover, it has the ability of analyzing the energetic, economic and environmental feasibility of using CSPs in different regions of the world, which is illustrated for the Libyan region in this study. The overall feasibility scenario is completed through an hourly analysis on an annual basis in chapter Four. This analysis allows the comparison of different systems and, eventually, a particular selection, and it includes both the economic and energetic components using the “greenius” software. The analysis also examined the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy. The main technological finding of this analysis is higher performance and lower levelized cost of electricity (LCE) for Libya as compared to Southern Europe (Spain). Therefore, Libya has the potential of becoming attractive for the establishment of CSPs in its territory and, in this way, to facilitate the target of several European initiatives that aim to import electricity generated by renewable sources from North African and Middle East countries. The analysis is presented a brief review of the current cost of energy and the potential of reducing the cost from parabolic trough- CSP plant. Exergetic and environmental life cycle assessment analyses are conducted for the selected plant in chapter Five; the objectives are 1) to assess the environmental impact and cost, in terms of exergy of the life cycle of the plant; 2) to find out the points of weakness in terms of irreversibility of the process; and 3) to verify whether solar power plants can reduce environmental impact and the cost of electricity generation by comparing them with fossil fuel plants, in particular, Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) plant and oil thermal power plant. The analysis also targets a thermoeconomic analysis using the specific exergy costing (SPECO) method to evaluate the level of the cost caused by exergy destruction. The main technological findings are that the most important contribution impact lies with the solar field, which reports a value of 79%; and the materials with the vi highest impact are: steel (47%), molten salt (25%) and synthetic oil (21%). The “Human Health” damage category presents the highest impact (69%) followed by the “Resource” damage category (24%). In addition, the highest exergy demand is linked to the steel (47%); and there is a considerable exergetic demand related to the molten salt and synthetic oil with values of 25% and 19%, respectively. Finally, in the comparison with fossil fuel power plants (NGCC and Oil), the CSP plant presents the lowest environmental impact, while the worst environmental performance is reported to the oil power plant followed by NGCC plant. The solar field presents the largest value of cost rate, where the boiler is a component with the highest cost rate among the power cycle components. The thermal storage allows the CSP plants to overcome solar irradiation transients, to respond to electricity demand independent of weather conditions, and to extend electricity production beyond the availability of daylight. Numerical analysis of the thermal transient response of a thermocline storage tank is carried out for the charging phase. The system of equations describing the numerical model is solved by using time-implicit and space-backward finite differences and which encoded within the Matlab environment. The analysis presented the following findings: the predictions agree well with the experiments for the time evolution of the thermocline region, particularly for the regions away from the top-inlet. The deviations observed in the near-region of the inlet are most likely due to the high-level of turbulence in this region due to the localized level of mixing resulting; a simple analytical model to take into consideration this increased turbulence level was developed and it leads to some improvement of the predictions; this approach requires practically no additional computational effort and it relates the effective thermal diffusivity to the mean effective velocity of the fluid at each particular height of the system. Altogether the study indicates that the selected parabolic trough-CSP plant has the edge over alternative competing technologies for locations where DNI is high and where land usage is not an issue, such as the shoreline of Libya.