The impact of curricular change on medical students' knowledge of anatomy

Background: In recent years, following the publication of Tomorrow's Doctors, the undergraduate medical curriculum in most UK medical schools has undergone major revision. This has resulted in a significant reduction in the time allocated to the teaching of the basic medical sciences, including anatomy. However, it is not clear what impact these changes have had on medical students' knowledge of surface anatomy. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of these curricular changes on medical students' knowledge of surface anatomy. Setting: Medical student intakes for 1995-98 at the Queen's University of Belfast, UK. Methods: The students were invited to complete a simple examination paper testing their knowledge of surface anatomy. Results from the student intake of 1995, which undertook a traditional, 'old' curriculum, were compared with those from the student intakes of 1996-98, which undertook a new, 'systems-based' curriculum. To enhance linear response and enable the use of linear models for analysis, all data were adjusted using probit transformations of the proportion (percentage) of correct answers for each item and each year group. Results: The student intake of 1995 (old curriculum) were more likely to score higher than the students who undertook the new, systems-based curriculum. Conclusion: The introduction of the new, systems-based course has had a negative impact on medical students' knowledge of surface anatomy.

From rhetoric to reality: advancing literacy by cross-curricular means

Cross-curricularity, literacy and critical literacy are currently promoted as components of a curriculum appropriate for the 21st century. The first two in particular are prescribed elements of classroom experience in Northern Ireland, which is the immediate context of this article, but also more widely in the UK. Teachers are implementing cross-curricular and inter-disciplinary initiatives, but rhetorical imperatives can translate into superficial realities. The reasons for this are explored, as are the reasons why inter-disciplinary studies, literacy across the curriculum and critical literacy are deemed to be of significance for education at the present time. The ‘Making Science: Making News’ project is described, in which Key Stage 3 Science and English classes worked together, with input from a research scientist and a journalist, to produce articles on space science which were published in local newspapers. The outcomes of the project are discussed from the perspectives of both teachers and learners. It is argued that this project is an example of genuine inter-disciplinary activity; that it went beyond literacy skills to a deeper development of scientific discourse; and that, through its media connection, there was potential for building an ongoing awareness in pupils of critical literacy and scientific literacy.

Unexpected allies: advancing literacy in a ‘Science-English’ cross-curricular context

Critical reading of science-based media reports is an authentic context in which to explore the mutual interests of teachers of science and English, who want to use science in the media to promote their subject discipline while encouraging cross-curricular learning. This empirical study focused on 90 teachers of science and English to explore their aptitude and capability for critical reading of science-based news reports. The influences of specialist subject culture and the extent of classroom experience contributed to the distinctive nature of the responses. The study revealed features in critical reading that were characteristic of the subject background of the participants. It suggested approaches to initial teacher education and ongoing professional development that would be mutually beneficial to teachers from different disciplines in promoting among pupils a critical approach to science-related news media.

Il Piano della Performance nei Comuni medi. La proposta di una nuova configurazione per superare l’inadeguatezza delle prime applicazioni

Il D.Lgs. 150/09 ha inteso dar vita ad una “riforma organica” della PA italiana, improntandone il funzionamento a logiche di programmazione e controllo delle performance. Attorno a tale concetto la riforma ha costruito un Sistema teso a programmare, misurare, controllare, valutare e comunicare la performance degli enti. Il lavoro si focalizza sulla programmazione, e in particolare sullo strumento cardine introdotto dal D.Lgs. 150/09: il Piano della Performance (PdP). Il contributo, basato su una metodologia deduttivo-induttiva, si concentra sui comuni medi italiani, scelti in quanto statisticamente rappresentativi del livello medio di complessità degli enti locali. Sono stati oggetto di indagine i PdP pubblicati sui siti istituzionali degli enti considerati, al fine di verificarne sia il livello di aderenza alle Linee Guida (LG) emanate dalla Commissione Indipendente per la Valutazione, la Trasparenza e l’Integrità delle amministrazioni pubbliche (CIVIT) e dalla Associazione Nazionale Comuni Italiani (ANCI), sia il loro livello di adeguatezza economico-aziendale. Preliminarmente si indagherà il tema della programmazione, sotto il profilo normativo-dottrinale, concentrandosi su soggetti, processi e strumenti. Poi si sposterà il focus sul PdP: dopo aver definito obiettivi, quesiti e metodologia della ricerca, verranno esplicitate le configurazioni di PdP emergenti dalle LG CIVIT e ANCI. Verranno poi illustrati i risultati della ricerca empirica, mettendo in luce il livello di allineamento dei PdP dei comuni medi alle LG, nonché il livello di adeguatezza economico-aziendale degli stessi. Si tratteggeranno quindi alcune brevi conclusioni.

Gli strumenti per la governance dei gruppi pubblici locali alla luce della riforma Brunetta. Una proposta operativa

Il lavoro ha ad oggetto gli strumenti di programmazione e controllo utilizzabili dagli enti locali ai fini della governance sulle proprie aziende di gestione dei servizi pubblici, alla luce delle riforme che hanno interessato sia il settore considerato, sia i sistemi informativo-contabili delle amministrazioni territoriali. Viene effettuata una proposta, anche in base allo studio della Legge, della dottrina economico aziendale e degli esiti di una ricerca che ha coinvolto i comuni capoluogo di Emilia Romagna e Toscana, per identificare un cruscotto informativo unico che coniughi esigenze informative degli enti locali, semplicità di utilizzo e rispetto della normativa attuale.