Eclipse observations of high-frequency oscillations in active region coronal loops

One of the mechanisms proposed for heating the corona above solar active regions is the damping of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Continuing on previous work, we provide observational evidence for the existence of high-frequency MHD waves in coronal loops observed during the August 1999 total solar eclipse. A wavelet analysis is used to identify twenty 4 x 4 arcsec(2) areas showing intensity oscillations. All detections lie in the frequency range 0.15 - 0.25 Hz (7 - 4 s), last for at least 3 periods at a confidence level of more than 99% and arise just outside known coronal loops. This leads us to suggest that they occur in low emission-measure or different temperature loops associated with the active region.

High-frequency oscillations in a solar active region coronal loop

The Solar Eclipse Corona Imaging System (SECIS) was used to record high-cadence observations of the solar corona during the total solar eclipse of 1999 August 11. During the 2 min 23.5 s of totality, 6364 images were recorded simultaneously in each of the two channels: a white light channel, and the Fe xiv (5303 Angstrom) 'green line' channel (T similar to2 MK). Here we report initial results from the SECIS experiment, including the discovery of a 6-s intensity oscillation in an active region coronal loop.

Geometrical dependence in photoionization of H-2(+) in high-intensity, high-frequency, ultrashort laser pulses

The ionization dynamics of H2 + exposed to high-intensity, high-frequency, ultrashort laser pulses is investigated with two theoretical approaches. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by a direct numerical method, and a simple two-center interference-diffraction model is studied. The energy and angular distributions of the photoelectron for various internuclear distances and relative orientations between the internuclear axis of the molecule and the polarization of the field are calculated. The main features of the photoelectron spectrum pattern are described well by the interference-diffraction model, and excellent quantitative agreement between the two methods is found. The effect of quantal vibration on the photoelectron spectrum is also calculated. We find that vibrational average produces some broadening of the main features, but that the patterns remain clearly distinguishable.

High-frequency oscillations in a solar active region observed with the RAPID DUAL IMAGER

High-cadence, synchronized, multiwavelength optical observations of a solar active region (NOAA 10794) are presented. The data were obtained with the Dunn Solar Telescope at the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak using a newly developed camera system: the rapid dual imager. Wavelet analysis is undertaken to search for intensity related oscillatory signatures, and periodicities ranging from 20 to 370 s are found with significance levels exceeding 95%. Observations in the H-α blue wing show more penumbral oscillatory phenomena when compared to simultaneous G-band observations. The H-α oscillations are interpreted as the signatures of plasma motions with a mean velocity of 20 km s-1. The strong oscillatory power over H-α blue-wing and G-band penumbral bright grains is an indication of the Evershed flow with frequencies higher than previously reported.

High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment of the Murine Heart From Embryo Through to Juvenile

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the murine heart of normal embryos, neonates, and juveniles using high-frequency ultrasound. Methods: Diastolic function was measured with E/A ratio (E wave velocity/A wave velocity) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), systolic function with isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), percentage fractional shortening (FS%), percentage ejection fraction (EF%). Global cardiac performance was quantified using myocardial performance index (MPI). Results: Isovolumetric relaxation time remained stable from E10.5 to 3 weeks. Systolic function (ICT) improved with gestation and remained stable from E18.5 onward. Myocardial performance index showed improvement in embryonic lift (0.82-0.63) and then stabilized from 1 to 3 week (0.60-0.58). Percentage ejection fraction remained high during gestation (77%-69%) and then decreased from the neonate to juvenile (68%-51%). Conclusion: The ultrasound biomicroscope allows for noninvasive in-depth assessment of cardiac function of embryos and pups. Detailed physiological and functional cardiac function readouts can be obtained, which is invaluable for comparison to mouse models of disease.

High frequency of donor chimerism after allogeneic transplantation of CD34+-selected peripheral blood cells

Ex vivo T cell depletion of allogeneic grafts is associated with a high (up to 80%) rate of mixed chimerism (MC) posttransplantation. The number of transplanted progenitor cells is an important factor in achieving complete donor chimerism in the T cell depletion setting. Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) peripheral blood allografts allows the administration of large numbers of CD34+ cells. We studied the chimeric status of 13 patients who received allogeneic CD34+-selected peripheral blood progenitor cell transplants (allo-PBPCTs/CD34+) from HLA-identical sibling donors. Patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and total-body irradiation (13 Gy in four fractions). Apheresis products were T cell-depleted by the immunoadsorption avidin-biotin method. The median number of CD34+ and CD3+ cells infused was 2.8x10(6)/kg (range 1.9-8.6x10(6)/kg) and 0.4x10(6)/kg (range 0.3-1x10(6)/kg), respectively. Molecular analysis of the engraftment was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (PCR-STR) sequences in peripheral blood samples. MC was detected in two (15%) of 13 patients. These two patients relapsed at 8 and 10 months after transplant, respectively. The remaining 11 patients showed complete donor chimerism and were in clinical remission after a maximum follow-up period of 24 months (range 6-24 months). These results were compared with those obtained in 10 patients who were treated with T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation by means of elutriation and who received the same conditioning treatment and similar amounts of CD3+ cells (median 0.45x10(6)/kg; not significant) but a lower number of CD34+ cells (median 0.8x10(6)/kg; p = 0.001). MC was documented in six of 10 patients (60%), which was significantly higher than in the allo-PBPCT/CD34+ group (p = 0.04). We conclude that a high frequency of complete donor chimerism is achieved in patients receiving allo-PBPCT/CD34+ and that this is most likely due to the high number of progenitor cells administered.

Multiphoton absorption by helium, magnesium and H-2 at high frequencies and intensities

We review principally some recent work carried out in Belfast and Heraklion which handles the few-electron dynamics of atomic and molecular systems exposed to high frequency. high intensity laser fields. The design and application of the quantitatively accurate computational methods is discussed. The Belfast work is illustrated by results for double ionization of helium and the hydrogen molecule where in each case the two electrons have been handled in full-dimensionality. The first results for multiphoton, double ionization of a complex atom, namely magnesium demonstrate an important application of the Heraklion approach.

Nonharmonic transverse vibration of the H-bonded molecules and the THz spectra in ice and water

A nonlinear equation of motion is found for the dimer comprising two charged H2O molecules. The THz dielectric response to nonharmonic vibration of a nonrigid dipole, forming the hydrogen bond (HB), is found in the direction transverse to this bond. An explicit expression is derived for the autocorrelator that governs the spectrum generated by transverse vibration (TV) of such a dipole. This expression is obtained by analytical solution of the truncated set of recurrence equations. The far infrared (FIR) spectra of ice at the temperature - 7 degrees C are calculated. The wideband, in the wavenumber (frequency) v range 0... 100.0 cm(-1), spectra are obtained for liquid water at room temperature and for supercooled water at -5.6 degrees C. All spectra are represented in terms of the complex permittivity epsilon(v) and the absorption coefficient alpha(v). The obtained analytical formula for epsilon comprises the term epsilon(perpendicular to) pertinent to the studied TV mechanism with three additional terms Delta epsilon(q), Delta epsilon(mu), and epsilon(or) arising, respectively, from: elastic harmonic vibration of charged molecules along the H-bond; elastic reorientation of HB permanent dipoles; and rather free libration of permanent dipoles in 'defects' of water/ice structure. The suggested TV-dielectric relaxation mechanism allows us: (a) to remove the THz 'deficit' of loss epsilon" inherent in previous theoretical studies; (b) to explain the THz loss and absorption spectra in supercooled (SC) water; and (c) to describe, in agreement with the experiment, the low- and high-frequency tails of the two bands of ice H2O located in the range 10...300 cm(-1). Specific THz dielectric properties of SC water are ascribed to association of water molecules, revealed in our study by transverse vibration of HB charged molecules. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Frequency coupling in dual frequency capacitively coupled radio-frequency plasmas

An industrial, confined, dual frequency, capacitively coupled, radio-frequency plasma etch reactor Exelan®, Lam Research has been modified for spatially resolved optical measurements. Space and phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy yields insight into the dynamics of the discharge. A strong coupling of the two frequencies is observed in the emission profiles. Consequently, the ionization dynamics, probed through excitation, is determined by both frequencies. The control of plasma density by the high frequency is, therefore, also influenced by the low frequency. Hence, separate control of plasma density and ion energy is rather complex.