Valoración de impacto ambiental por pesticidas agrícolas.

El uso de agroquímicos en Argentina se ha fortalecido junto con la expansión agrícola. El objetivo de este trabajo es la elaboración de una metodología para calcular el impacto ambiental que los pesticidas causan en el medio ambiente teniendo en cuenta los siguientes factores: "ecotoxicología": categoría toxicológica, toxicidad en abejas, aves y peces; "Toxicidad humana": carcinogenicidad, neurotoxicidad, alteraciones endocrinas, genotoxicidad y capacidad irritativa; "Comportamiento ambiental": la persistencia en el agua / sedimento, persistencia en el suelo y bioconcentración. Estos factores fueron clasificados como bajo, medio, alto o muy alto, de acuerdo con su nivel de toxicidad. Los resultados indican que los plaguicidas más tóxicos son los insecticidas. La mayoría de los pesticidas utilizados son la toxicidad media (43,75%), seguido de baja y alta toxicidad (21,88%) y, los de muy alta toxicidad (12,5%). La metodología propuesta podría ser utilizada como una herramienta de monitoreo, gestión o educación ambiental.

The duty of loyalty in the cooperative law. A comparative study

Among the duties of the government bodies’ members of the different entities, which are connected to the good government, the duty of loyalty must be underlined. This duty, derived from the good-faith duty, obliges to act in the interest of the entity in case of conflict of interest, and to subordinate one’s own interests, except when there is an authorisation. Loyalty duty is applicable both to managers, who must manage the entity’s interest, and to partners, according to the common purpose derived from the company contract. This duty, at the same time, includes some particular rules, referred to transparency, remuneration, prohibition of competition, self-contracting... This essay compares the regulation of the duty of loyalty and its realizations in the different Cooperative Laws in Spain, both referring to the managers and to the partners, comparing this, at the same time, with the regulation of these aspects in companies’ general legislation, an in the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act in particular, in order to obtain a general view of the issue, a necessary basis to go more deeply into it, and suggesting some preliminary conclusions or assessments.

Conscientiousness and laboriousness as academic achievement predictors in a Spanish students sample

To understand academic performance of students, the variable of conscientiousness from personality inventory Big Five, has been recognized as an important key. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship established between the personality factor conscientiousness itself and two of its facets, laboriousness and planning, with academic performance, and observe if there are genre differences in consciousness personality factor. A total of 456 Spanish students of high school and college participated in the study. They were requested to answer a personality report and a self inform questionnaire. The results show that both conscientiousness as a personality dimension and the consideration of laboriousness facet are able to predict academic performance, especially with regard to student’s exam marks, classroom attendance and dedication to study. The genre variable pointed out that feminine genre is more conscious than male in that personality factor. From a practical perspective, these results indicate that the establishment of a routine of continuous work is suitable for improving student grades and their adaptation to the educational environment.