Equivalencias fitoclimáticas entre la vegetación deTurquía y de España

Se establecen las equivalencias fitoclimáticas laxas y estrictas entre España y Turquía siguiendo el modelo numérico-taxonómico de Allúe-Andrade, así como las correspondencias turcas con las series de vegetación españolas. Las equivalencias con los subtipos filoclimáticos turcos termo y eumediterráneos se producen en la clase Quercetea ilicis, mientras que las que se producen con los subtipos nemorales y nemorolauroides lo hacen en la clase Querco-Fagetea. En una posición intermedia se sitúan los subtipos nemoromediterráneos, con equivalencias en ambas clases. Las alianzas correspondientes al subtipo termomediterráneo turco IV2 son Querco rotundifol¡ae-Oleion sylvestris y de la alianza Oleo-Ceratonion siliqueae, las correspondientes al subtipo eumediterráneo IV4 son Quercion ilicis y Quercion broteroi y las correspondientes a los subtipos nemorales y nemorolauroides VI y VI(V) son las alianzas Quercion robori-pyrenaicae, Carpinion y Quercion pubescenti-sessiliflorae. En cada caso se detallan las sedes de vegetación equivalentes.

El modelo del sistema viable: una referencia estratégica para el estudio organizacional del sector cooperativo chileno

The Chilean Cooperative Sector (SCCh) can be explained as a human activity system of high complexity, which seeks to maintain an independent existence, in example, be viable. From this perspective, the Viable System Model (MSV) as conceptual reference presents a real opportunity to study the organization of the cooperative sector in Chile.The central objective of the work refers to study the feasibility of SCCh in a context of sectorial organization, considering the social, legal and economic fabric of the country today.To do this, supported by a systemic methodology were performed: a characterization of the problem situation of the sector -identifying some relevant factors in the areas of market structure, legal regulations and inter cooperation-an organizational diagnosis and proposed a set guidelines for its development.From the above it is concluded that there is relevance between the characteristics of the case study theoretical and methodological approach. The methodology takes tested in other organizational practices such as VIPLAN tools, and applies the SCCh. Its contribution in the field of study is oriented around a holistic view of the organization and promotion of their viability, thereby generating an approach that delivers specific sectorial development strategies, surpassing the approximation of descriptive characterization. Thus, we provide a diagnostic model of the Chilean Cooperative Sector and propose guidelines to support their organizational development.