Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene strata of the Pamplona Basin and surrounding areas (Navarre, western Pyrenees)

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian) sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin are described. This succession was accumulated in the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep-marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Gendulain Formation). The micropalaeontological content is high. It is dominated by foraminifera, and common ostracods and other microfossils are also present. The fossil ichnoasssemblages include at least 23 ichnogenera and 28 ichnospecies indicative of Nereites, Cruziana, Glossifungites and ?Scoyenia-Mermia ichnofacies. Body macrofossils of 78 taxa corresponding to macroforaminifera, sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms and vertebrates have been identified. Both the number of ichnotaxa and of species (e. g. bryozoans, molluscs and condrichthyans) may be considerably higher. Body fossil assemblages are comparable to those from the Eocene of the Nord Pyrenean area (Basque Coast), and also to those from the Eocene of the west-central and eastern part of South Pyrenean area (Aragon and Catalonia). At the European scale, the molluscs assemblages seem endemic from the Pyrenean area, although several Tethyan (Italy and Alps) and Northern elements (Paris basin and Normandy) have been recorded. Palaeontological data of studied sedimentary units fit well with the shallowing process that throughout the middle and late Eocene occurs in the area, according to the sedimentological and stratigraphical data.

La publicidad, herramienta promocional del centro de anuncios Roldós y Compañía (1872-1900)

El nacimiento de los primeros centros de anuncios en España data de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Uno de ellos es Roldós y Compañía. En un período en el que la publicidad es una actividad incipiente, los primeros profesionales recurren a lo que mejor saben hacer para darse a conocer: anuncios. A través del estudio de la autopublicidad de esta agencia realizada durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX no solo veremos el progresivo desarrollo de este tipo de piezas (formal y de contenidos) sino también la evolución de todos los agentes que participan en la actividad: agencia, anunciantes y medios de comunicación. En este contexto, el centro de anuncios hace las veces de anunciante y de agencia. Es decir, ejerce una triple función: es el emisor del mensaje y es, a la vez, quien lo confecciona y quien gestiona su inserción en los medios. La historia de la publicidad se escribe junto a la agencia Roldós y Compañía. Por tanto su autopublicidad es un fiel reflejo de todo cuanto ha ocurrido en España desde el nacimiento de la profesión hasta finales del siglo XIX, un período caracterizado por la frecuente presencia de este tipo de anuncios en la prensa escrita del momento.

The Formation of a Liberal Thinker: Georg Jellinek and his Early Writings (1872 – 1878)

Georg Jellinek is known as one of the most prominent representative of German legal positivism. This article aims at identifying and discussing the more theoretical- political connotation of Jellinek’s thought with a particular focus on his liberal inspiration. According to the perspective of the history of political thought, this article shows how some intellectual premises to Jellinek’s liberalism take shape and emerge from a series of young Jellinek’s writings on history of philosophy and history of ideas.