Literatura y acto: Aquiles, el regreso a la batalla

Greek literature was used from early times with educational purposes, Greek heroes presented were considered as paradigms to follow. However, human acts burst beyond reason and the stories told have little effect on the decisions of the receptor. The aim of this article is to review the character of Achilles in the Iliad, because for him to no avail gifts, friends, much less a narration by his preceptor Phoenix to depose his anger and return to the battlefield to assist his friends.

Desarraigo y experiencia: Lecturas sobre Paul Ricouer y Philipe Claudel

We often wonder what is the role or the role that intellectuals, academics and artists can play in countries and conflict environments, for this specific case, countries and environments that do not have real protection both its integrity and satisfaction their basic and special needs. Beyond establishing what mode as artists, intellectuals and academics can contribute to meeting these requirements, this article is intended to establish a position on the importance acquired symbolic forms and reflected in the writers regardless whether philosophers or writers, let put the rawness of what happens and there comes the lonely spirits whose loneliness imposed and caused never chosen, appears to them as a lifestyle. For Philippe Claudel and the case of Paul Ricoeur, they are thus chosen for this article as incessant dialogues of the ways in which the rootlessness provides food for thought especially for those we see as different titles you are assigned to experiences of violence.

Dogs in the paradise: The influence of the cynical philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage

This paper studies the influence of cynic philosophy in the construction of the myth of the good savage. In the first part it studies the importance of cynicism in the XVI century and how the cynic influence of Erasmus, More and Montaigne was fundamental to the way that Europe approached the American indigenous. In the second part it studies the cynic motives that could have influenced in the construction of the myth of the good savage.

Notas sobre el "primum cognitum" en Cayetano y su vínculo con la metafísica

Cayetano tuvo un papel protagónico en los debates intelectuales de su época (s. XVI), destacándose como un auténtico adalid del tomismo; inclusive muchas de sus tesis pasaron a formar parte de tal doctrina, las cuales –a veces matizadas y otras no tanto– perviven hasta nuestros días. Entre los diversos temas que afrontó se destaca su particular noción de primum cognitum. Aquí, partimos del hecho de que la tradición tomista no ha visto mayores inconvenientes en equiparar lo que entienden Cayetano y el Aquinate por el ens primo cadit; empero nosotros estamos en condiciones de afirmar que tal equiparación al menos es problemática. En este sentido, nos ocuparemos de realizar un primer acercamiento al tema del ente primer conocido cayetaniano para intentar mostrar su real significado. Asimismo, procuraremos ver, ayudados por los aportes de algunos estudiosos contemporáneos –en especial el de Lawrence Dewan–, hasta qué punto tal noción se corresponde o no con los desarrollos teóricos de Tomás de Aquino, sobre todo con el vínculo entre el primer conocido y el ente como objeto de la metafísica.

David Hume and contractualism

David Hume belonged to the consecuencialist philosophical tendency, in which is included utilitarianism. This tendency was opposed to the normativism philosophy, in which is enrolled contractualism. This article analyzes the critique made by David Hume, from the utilitarianism perspective, against contractualism. The major philosophers of contractualism are Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Hume implemented three arguments in opposition to them: 1) historic: the social contract does not have any practical testing. Therefore it could not be presented as the foundation of the state; 2) philosophical: it is not the duty, but the interest that moves men to seek the formation of the political authority; 3) social: in the consciousness of the people, there is no trace of the social contract.Utilitarianism was one of the philosophical tendencies that finished the theoretical hegemony that contractualism had during the XVII and the XVIII centuries. Nonetheless from the historical and social point of view, the liberalization movements in many parts of the world, at that time, were inspired by contractualism. It means that from the theoretical point of view, utilitarianism, certainly, stressed the empirical origins of the state but not the rational justification of the political Authority. Hume was unable to understand the normative force that contractualism owns, which inspires human action.

"Éros" y poesía en "Fedro", "Banquete" y "República": la reelaboración platónica de los terrenos poéticos para la realidad y el deseo

El trabajo explica el vínculo existente entre las distintas concepciones platónicas del éros y de la poesía, como parte del legado poético del siglo v. Y analiza su evolución, y la de su relación con la filosofía, en Fedro, Banquete y República, como un proceso de destilación del éros elaborado por la poesía, del que es afín el éros filosófico configurado en el Fedro, pero cuya incompatibilidad, insinuada en el Banquete, se hace explícita y taxativa en la República. Todo ello con el fin de demostrar hasta qué punto asume el pensamiento de Platón la herencia poética precedente, poniendo en evidencia que dicho proceso responde, en todas sus fases, a un mismo objetivo: materializar el anhelo poético por excelencia: la creación de un «terreno intermedio» donde conciliar la irrenunciable dualidad de las aspiraciones humanas. En consecuencia, se invita aquí a mirar la ciudad platónica como materialización posible, no utópica, de un espacio logrado en el que integrar armónicamente la realidad y el deseo.

What Heraclitus and Parmenides have in common on Reality and Deception

It is usually assumed that Heraclitus is, exclusively, the philosopher of flux, diversity and opposition while Parmenides puts the case for unity and changelessness. However, there is a significant common understanding of things (though in differing contexts), not simply an accidental similarity of understanding. Both philosophers, critically, distinguish two realms: on the one hand, there is the one, common realm, identical for all, which is grasped by the ‘logos that is common’(Heraclitus) or the steady nous (Parmenides) that follows a right method in order to interpret the real. On the other hand, the realm of multiplicity seen and heard by the senses, when interpreted by ‘barbarian souls’, is not understood in its common unity. Analogously, when grasped by the wandering weak nous it does not comprehend the real’s basic unity. In this paper I attempt to defend the thesis that both thinkers claim that the common logos (to put it in Heraclitean terms) or the steady intellect (to say it with Parmenides) grasp and affirm the unity of the real.