"Per aurem intrat Christus in Mariam". Aproximaci��n iconogr��fica a la "conceptio per aurem" en la pintura italiana del Trecento desde fuentes patr��sticas y teol��gicas

La tesis mariol��gica de la conceptio per aurem, seg��n la cual la Virgen Mar��a habr��a concebido a Jesucristo por el o��do en el momento de escuchar del ��ngel el mensaje celestial anunci��ndole que, sin perder su virginidad, ser��a madre del Hijo de Dios encarnado, ha merecido hasta ahora muy pocos estudios acad��micos rigurosamente fundados en fuentes primarias. De hecho, en la literatura especializada son muy escasas las referencias a tal teor��a y, cuando alg��n estudioso la evoca, casi siempre se contenta con aludir a ella, sin aportar pruebas documentales. Sin embargo, tal como lo revelan las nueve pinturas italianas aqu�� analizadas, esa teor��a fue ilustrada mediante sutiles met��foras visuales en muchas obras pict��ricas medievales, las cuales se inspiraron en una s��lida tradici��n literaria. Adem��s una pl��yade de Padres de la Iglesia y te��logos medievales testimonia, mediante afirmaciones expl��citas, que semejante teor��a goz�� de notable aceptaci��n entre los maestros del pensamiento cristiano. Bas��ndose en numerosos textos patr��sticos y teol��gicos, este art��culo intenta dos objetivos esenciales: exponer, ante todo, las distintas formulaciones te��ricas propuestas por esos pensadores; y adem��s, tratar de poner en luz los significados dogm��ticos que subyacen bajo esa sorprendente tesis.

Sobre la vegetaci��n del orden Asplenietalia petrarchae en las monta��as valencianas

Se han estudiado las comunidades vegetales casmotiticas basifilas. presentes sobre los roquedos c��lidos y secos, pertenecientes al orden Asplenietalia petrarchae Br.-Bl. & Meier 1934, en el territorio de la Comunidad Valenciana y alrededores, detect��ndose en el mismo los siguientes sintaxones: Alianza Asplenion petrarchae Br.-Bl. & Meier 1934, con la asociaci��n Melico-Saturejetum fruticosae O. Bol��s & Vives 1957. Alianza Teucrion buxifolii Rivas Goday 1955, con las asociaciones: Hippocrepido-Scabiosetum saxatilis (Rivas Goday 1953) O. Bol��s 1957, Jasonio-Teucrietum thymifolii G. Mateo 1983, Rhamno borgiae-Teucrietum buxifolii nova y Lapiedro martinezii-Cheilanthetum velleae nova.

Contribuci��n al estudio de las comunidades vegetales del orden Potentilletalia caulescentis en la Pen��nsula Ib��rica: La alianza Jasionion foliosae

Se ha efectuado un estudio de la alianza Jasionion foliosae (Asplenietea rupestria) en varios sectores corol��gicos de la Pen��nsula Ib��rica, describi��ndose seis asociaciones de las que tres se proponen como nuevas: Antirrhino pulverulenti-Rhamnetum pumili, Sileno boryii-Saxifragetum cuneatae y Antirrhino granitici-Rhamnetum pumili.

Sobre la vegetaci��n de la alianza Homalothecio-Polypodion serrati en las monta��as valencianas

Se han estudiado las comunidades de la alianza Homalothecio-Polypodion serrati en las monta��as de la regi��n valenciana y alrededores, encontr��ndose que las mismas pueden atribuirse a cuatro asociaciones: Anomodonto-Polypodietum serrati, Saxifragetum cossonianae, Saxifragetum latepetiolatae y Homalothecio-Asplenietum fontianae.Se presentan sendas tablas fitosociol��gicas de cada una de las tres ��ltimas, de las cuales se comentan, asimismo, sus principales notas caracter��sticas.

Novedades flor��sticas valencianas, IV

Comentamos 20 t��xones, presentes en las provincias valencianas, de entre los que destacamos 9 como nuevos para el cat��logo de Valencia y 2 para el de Alicante.

New records of interesting xenophytes in the Iberian Peninsula. V

As a continuation of previous research on the naturalization of non-native vascular plants in the Iberian Peninsula new chorological data are presented for 16 xenophytes recorded between 2010 and 2014, mostly in the provinces of Huelva and Barcelona (Spain) and in the Algarve and Estremadura (Portugal). For each taxon details about distribution, habitats occupied, previous records, degree of naturalization, etc. are provided. Lachenalia bulbifera and Cyperus albostriatus are probably reported for the first time in the wild in Europe, as are Gamochaeta filaginea, and Dysphania anthelmintica and Oenothera lindheimeri for Portugal and Spain respectively. Cosmos bipinnatus is cited as a novelty for the Algarve (Portugal). Newly reported or confirmed for the province of Huelva are: Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Epilobium brachycarpum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Ficus microcarpa, Tamarix parviflora and Tamarix ramosissima, while Atriplex semibaccata, Chloris truncata, and Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus are new for Barcelona. Finally, Passiflora caerulea is a novelty for both Barcelona and Huelva provinces.

Discovering keys to explain social policies within the social and democratic rule-of-law sate

There is a collective worldview on social policies that is expressed and understood by university professionals. However, it takes students time to construct this knowledge. Here, we provide fundamental ideas and a dynamic to facilitate learning of social policies. The preparation of a brief dictionary of significant terms is to be constructed as a group, alongside the maieutic work to be carried out by the teacher. The goal is to discover keys to understand the meaning of social policies and the underlying values that sustain a social and democratic rule-of-law state such as the one proposed in the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Attention is focused on the structure of the mixed welfare state. This is an integral proposal and comprises three dimensions. First, it considers the state and its possible welfare agents: business, market, the Church and civil society. The attitudes with which universal and inclusive social action is promoted, breaking radically with the aid-based meaning contained in other systems, are then addressed. Finally, we examine human dignity as a principle and aim of intervention, a basis for understanding other concepts such as human, social, labour and political rights. It is to be hoped that these pages prove useful for both teaching staff and students.

Reality Shows in Chile, origin and road map. Historical-Communication Dialogues

Reality shows are TV programs which represent a format used in television nowadays; however, the observation practices of individual and/or group intimacy dates from thousands years ago. Sometimes this was driven by voyeurism or morbid fascination, some others, by the purpose of guarding, supervising and maintaining status quo. This work offers an alternative answer to the explanation of this type of TV program emergence and relates this appearance to a government procedure bound up with modern State terrorism which began at the end of the eighteenth century and has been recalled by different regimes until present days.

Welfare Regimes and ���progressive��� governments in Latin America: The cases of Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia

Several authors have applied the concept of Welfare Regimens for studying social policy in Latin America (Esping-Andersen, 1993 and 2000). Among others, Mart��nez Franzoni (2007) develops a typology, with fi eld work is at the turn of the millennium, and establishes three categories: State-productivist regime, state-protectionist and family orientated. Most countries in the region are placed in the latter category. The hypothesis of this article argues that with the emergence of governments considered ���left��� or ���progressive��� in several countries of the region from the late ���90s and, more decisively, in 2000���, the map of welfare regimes models could have mutated substantively. The nationally transformative experiences are different (various socio-economic realities and political action in which they are located exists) but they have several contact points that can be summarized in a greater state intervention in different areas previously closed to their operating and recovery of important functions of welfare and care of the population by the government. The paper discusses with an exploratory and descriptive approach the welfare schemes that would shape in three countries that have constitutionalized the change from the neoliberal paradigm: Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador.

Teachers��� perception of visual deficiencies and their impact on students

The sense of vision is people���s main source of information acquisition, hence the importance of a right diagnosis and correction, if necessary, of any faults for proper learning, especially in the early years of schooling. This article discusses the results of a survey of teachers in Andalusian schools that aimed at highlighting their knowledge of their students��� possible visual deficiencies, and its possible impact on school performance. The results indicate that such knowledge is generally limited to the type of refractive anomalies, and that they think that such anomalies are well treated in their students. Despite the importance they attach to these deficiencies on school learning, they think that other factors may have a greater role. They also consider that better training on this topic is necessary.

Are they adicctied to college students social networks?

The development of the Internet and in particular of social networks has supposedly given a new view to the different aspects that surround human behavior. It includes those associated with addictions, but specifically the ones that have to do with technologies. Following a correlational descriptive design we present the results of a study, which involved university students from Social and Legal Sciences as participants, about their addiction to the Internet and in particular to social networks. The sample was conformed of 373 participants from the cities of Granada, Sevilla, M��laga, and C��rdoba. To gather the data a questionnaire that was design by Young was translated to Spanish. The main research objective was to determine if university students could be considered social network addicts. The most prominent result was that the participants don���t consider themselves to be addicted to the Internet or to social networks; in particular women reflected a major distance from the social networks. It���s important to know that the results differ from those found in the literature review, which opens the question, are the participants in a phase of denial towards the addiction?

Presentaci��n. Angelina Mu��iz: hacia la construcci��n de una identidad m��s all�� de las l��neas fronterizas

Presentaci��n. Angelina Mu��iz: hacia la construcci��n de una identidad m��s all�� de las l��neas fronterizas

Angelina Mu��iz: construcci��n de un ���yo��� fragmentado

En su condici��n de hija de exiliados espa��oles, Angelina Mu��iz Huberman emprender�� un largo y doloroso periplo desde su nacimiento hasta la edad adulta para consumar el proceso de construcci��n de s�� misma. Una lectura cruzada de Castillos en la tierra. Seudomemorias (1995) y Molinos sin viento (2001) nos muestra que, a trav��s de la memoria, propia o colectiva, Mu��iz intenta unir los pedazos para forjarse una identidad hecha de fragmentos.

Reflexiones y representaciones del exilio: de El canto del peregrino (1999) a "El sefard�� rom��ntico" (2005)

El exilio es un tema recurrente en la obra de Angelina Mu��iz-Huberman, miembro del llamado grupo hispanomexicano. La visi��n del exilio en su obra incluye no solo el exilio republicano sino tambi��n el del pueblo jud��o. Por eso, diferentes Di��sporas hist��ricas se superponen enriqueciendo el significado de la experiencia. En su ensayo El canto del peregrino: hacia una po��tica del exilio (1999) desarrolla sus pensamientos sobre el exilio y analiza numerosos trabajos de autores exiliados (jud��os y republicanos espa��oles) centr��ndose en como cada uno reflej�� la vivencia del exilio en su trabajo.En mi opini��n, las ideas desarrolladas en el ensayo se pueden encontrar en su novela El sefard�� rom��ntico: la azarosa vida de Mateo Alem��n II (2005). El t��tulo de la novela establece una conexi��n directa con la novela picaresca y la vida jud��a aludiendo al autor converso de Guzm��n de Alfarache (1599-1604). Siguiendo el patr��n establecido por la novela picaresca cl��sica, el protagonista de Mu��iz-Huberman viaja por Espa��a y Europa denunciando la intolerancia que llev�� a la Guerra Civil espa��ola y a la II Guerra Mundial. Las circunstancias lo llevan al exilio en M��xico, como en el caso de Mateo Alem��n. Seg��n la teor��a de Ulrich Wicks, p��caros y exiliados tienen mucho en com��n en su b��squeda continua de libertad, libertad que el exiliado puede encontrar solo en el idioma, como expone Mu��iz-Huberman en su ensayo.