Modelling of nano-imprint forming process for the production of miniaturised 3D structures

Nano-imprint forming (NIF) as manufacturing technology is ideally placed to enable high resolution, low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of three-dimensional fine structures and the packaging of heterogeneous micro-systems (S.Y. Chou and P.R. Krauss, 1997). This paper details a thermo-mechanical modelling methodology for optimising this process for different materials used in components such as mini-fluidics and bio-chemical systems, optoelectronics, photonics and health usage monitoring systems (HUMS). This work is part of a major UK Grand Challenge project - 3D-Mintegration - which is aiming to develop modelling and design technologies for the next generation of fabrication, assembly and test processes for 3D-miniaturised systems.

Production of lightweight aggregate from industrial waste and carbon dioxide

The concomitant recycling of waste and carbon dioxide emissions is the subject of developing technology designed to close the industrial process loop and facilitate the bulk-re-use of waste in, for example, construction. The present work discusses a treatment step that employs accelerated carbonation to convert gaseous carbon dioxide into solid calcium carbonate through a reaction with industrial thermal residues. Treatment by accelerated carbonation enabled a synthetic aggregate to be made from thermal residues and waste quarry fines. The aggregates produced had a bulk density below 1000 kg/m3 and a high water absorption capacity. Aggregate crushing strengths were between 30% and 90% stronger than the proprietary lightweight expanded clay aggregate available in the UK. Cast concrete blocks containing the carbonated aggregate achieve compressive strengths of 24 MPa, making them suitable for use with concrete exposed to non-aggressive service environments. The energy intensive firing and sintering processes traditionally required to produce lightweight aggregates can now be augmented by a cold-bonding, low energy method that contributes to the reduction of green house gases to the atmosphere.

The role of space charge formation in the generation of thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy data for a model amorphous drug system

Thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy is attracting increasing attention as a means of materials characterization, particularly in terms of measuring slow relaxation processes in solid samples. However, wider use of the technique within the pharmaceutical field has been inhibited by difficulties associated with the interpretation of TSC data, particularly in terms of deconvoluting dipolar relaxation processes from charge distribution phenomena. Here, we present evidence that space charge and electrode contact effects may play a significant role in the generation of peaks that have thus far proved difficult to interpret. We also introduce the use of a stabilization temperature in order to control the space charge magnitude. We have studied amorphous indometacin as a model drug compound and have varied the measurement parameters (stabilization and polarization temperatures), interpreting the changes in spectral composition in terms of charge redistribution processes. More specifically, we suggested that charge drift and diffusion processes, charge injection from the electrodes and high activation energy charge redistribution processes may all contribute to the appearance of shoulders and 'spurious' peaks. We present recommendations for eliminating or reducing these effects that may allow more confident interpretation of TSC data.