16 resultados para Regla de les fases i equilibri
em Diposit Digital de la UB - Universidade de Barcelona
Resumo:
A model has been developed for evaluating grain size distributions in primary crystallizations where the grain growth is diffusion controlled. The body of the model is grounded in a recently presented mean-field integration of the nucleation and growth kinetic equations, modified conveniently in order to take into account a radius-dependent growth rate, as occurs in diffusion-controlled growth. The classical diffusion theory is considered, and a modification of this is proposed to take into account interference of the diffusion profiles between neighbor grains. The potentiality of the mean-field model to give detailed information on the grain size distribution and transformed volume fraction for transformations driven by nucleation and either interface- or diffusion-controlled growth processes is demonstrated. The model is evaluated for the primary crystallization of an amorphous alloy, giving an excellent agreement with experimental data. Grain size distributions are computed, and their properties are discussed.
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We study the analytical solution of the Monte Carlo dynamics in the spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model using the technique of the generating function. Explicit solutions for one-time observables (like the energy) and two-time observables (like the correlation and response function) are obtained. We show that the crucial quantity which governs the dynamics is the acceptance rate. At zero temperature, an adiabatic approximation reveals that the relaxational behavior of the model corresponds to that of a single harmonic oscillator with an effective renormalized mass.
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We propose a short-range generalization of the p-spin interaction spin-glass model. The model is well suited to test the idea that an entropy collapse is at the bottom line of the dynamical singularity encountered in structural glasses. The model is studied in three dimensions through Monte Carlo simulations, which put in evidence fragile glass behavior with stretched exponential relaxation and super-Arrhenius behavior of the relaxation time. Our data are in favor of a Vogel-Fulcher behavior of the relaxation time, related to an entropy collapse at the Kauzmann temperature. We, however, encounter difficulties analogous to those found in experimental systems when extrapolating thermodynamical data at low temperatures. We study the spin-glass susceptibility, investigating the behavior of the correlation length in the system. We find that the increase of the relaxation time is accompanied by a very slow growth of the correlation length. We discuss the scaling properties of off-equilibrium dynamics in the glassy regime, finding qualitative agreement with the mean-field theory.
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We investigate the depinning transition occurring in dislocation assemblies. In particular, we consider the cases of regularly spaced pileups and low-angle grain boundaries interacting with a disordered stress landscape provided by solute atoms, or by other immobile dislocations present in nonactive slip systems. Using linear elasticity, we compute the stress originated by small deformations of these assemblies and the corresponding energy cost in two and three dimensions. Contrary to the case of isolated dislocation lines, which are usually approximated as elastic strings with an effective line tension, the deformations of a dislocation assembly cannot be described by local elastic interactions with a constant tension or stiffness. A nonlocal elastic kernel results as a consequence of long-range interactions between dislocations. In light of this result, we revise statistical depinning theories of dislocation assemblies and compare the theoretical results with numerical simulations and experimental data.
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Aquesta sessió introductòria del seminari vol situar a les participants en els debats epistemològics feministes. En primer lloc, s'abordaran diferents crítiques feministes a la construcció de la ciència heteropatriarcal i les propostes corresponents per a superar les seves limitacions. Seguidament, es reflexionarà sobre les conseqüències de la institucionalització dels estudis de les dones i/o de gènere que ha dut a posar èmfasi a l'objecte d'estudi en lloc dels processos de creació del coneixement. Finalment, s'argumentarà la proposta que dóna lloc al seminari: la necessitat de realitzar una reflexió profunda i feminista sobre les modalitats de producció dels sabers, amb la convicció de que per a què la ciència sigui menys heteropatricarcal és fonamental la manera com la produïm.
Resumo:
Aquesta sessió introductòria del seminari vol situar a les participants en els debats epistemològics feministes. En primer lloc, s'abordaran diferents crítiques feministes a la construcció de la ciència heteropatriarcal i les propostes corresponents per a superar les seves limitacions. Seguidament, es reflexionarà sobre les conseqüències de la institucionalització dels estudis de les dones i/o de gènere que ha dut a posar èmfasi a l'objecte d'estudi en lloc dels processos de creació del coneixement. Finalment, s'argumentarà la proposta que dóna lloc al seminari: la necessitat de realitzar una reflexió profunda i feminista sobre les modalitats de producció dels sabers, amb la convicció de que per a què la ciència sigui menys heteropatricarcal és fonamental la manera com la produïm.
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Màster Oficial en Estudis Avançats en Història de l'Art. Curs: 2008-2009. Directora: Imma Socias
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They present a Rule based in the Principle of Indifference to represent the formation of beliefs in conditions of uncertainty.
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Ponent: Marta Luxan / Presenta: Ruth Vilà
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Ponent: Marta Luxan / Presenta: Ruth Vilà
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Ponent: Marta Luxan / Presenta: Ruth Vilà
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Ponent: Marta Luxan / Presenta: Ruth Vilà
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Ponent: Marta Luxan / Presenta: Ruth Vilà