"TEACHING FROM A CRITICAL, ANTI-RACIST PERSPECTIVE-BASED PEDAGOGY TO PREPARE WHITE STUDENTS FOR CULTURAL DIVERSITY: RESISTANCE AND CONSEQUENCES"

How are faculty of color retained once they are recruited? More importantly, how do factors such as white student resistance and negative disposition toward faculty of color impact the retention of faculty of color?

Observations on Chromosomes of Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni Nelson and Chromosomal Diversity in Varying Lemmings = Untersuchungen an den Chromosomen von Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni Nelson und chromosomale Unterschiede bei Halsbandlemmingen

English abstract: The cytogenetic characteristics of the varying lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni, (2n = 34), were investigated, and diploid chromosomal numbers were reported for four other nominal subspecies (exsul, nelsoni, richardsoni, and rubricatus) of the torquatus-group in North America. The diploid complements ranged from 30 to 44 chromosomes, and the fundamental number from 50 to 55. Chromosomal polymorphism was observed in all forms. In cross-breeding experiments, the mating of F1 progeny was not productive. The findings support the zoogeographic concept that populations of Dicrostonyx became fragmented or displaced southward during Würm time, with relict stocks persisting in unglaciated refugia or periglacial tundra. Speciation in the isolates led to chromosomal evolution, with the result that populations spreading from refugia in post-glacial time are reproductively isolated. The torquatus-group in North America appears to be a superspecies. German title: Untersuchungen an den Chromosomen von Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni Nelson und chromosomale Unterschiede bei Halsbandlemmingen German abstract: Die cytogenetischen Merkmale des Halsbandlemmings, Dicrostonyx torquatus stevensoni, (2n = 34) wurden eingehend untersucht, und für vier andere nordamerikanische Unterarten der torquatus-Gruppe wurden die somatischen Chromosomensätze festgestellt. Die Chromosomenzahl der untersuchten Populationen schwankte zwischen 30 und 44, der NF (Nombre Fondamental) zwischen 50 und 55. Zuchttiere der verschiedenen Populationen wurden erfolgreich gekreuzt, aber Sterilität der F1 Unterartbastarde war typisch. Die Halsbandlemminge wiesen Karyotypenverschiedenheiten auf, die sich durch Variationen des Robertsonschen Typus, Deletionen oder möglicherweise durch perizentrische Inversionen erklären. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß das ursprüngliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Dicrostonyx in Nordamerika durch die letzte (Würm) Vereisung getrennt wurde, und daß die Reliktpopulationen die letzte Glazial-Phase in eisfreien Refugien oder in periglazialer Tundra überlebten, wo Karyotypevolution durch lokale Anpassungsbedürfnisse gefördert wurde. Die in der Postglazialzeit aus den Refugien sich verbreitenden Populationen von Dicrostonyx scheinen reproduktiv isoliert zu sein. Die torquatus-Gruppe in Nordamerika gilt also als Superspecies.

Antibodies to Influenza and West Nile Viruses in Horses in Mexico

INFLUENZA A virus (IAV) (family Orthomyxoviridae) is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen of birds and mammals, including human beings and horses (Palese and Shaw 2007). The virus is classified into different subtypes based on the antigenic properties of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. Sixteen HA subtypes (H1 to H16) and nine NA subtypes (N1 to N9) have been identified (Fouchier and others 2005). Two subtypes, H3N8 and H7N7, have been isolated from horses. The H7N7 subtype was first isolated from a horse in Czechoslovakia in 1956 (Prague/56) (Sovinova and others 1958), and the H3N8 subtype was first isolated from a horse in Miami, USA, in 1963 (Waddell and others 1963). The H7N7 subtype has not been isolated from horses for three decades and is presumed to be extinct (Webster 1993). The H3N8 subtype is currently a common cause of disease in horses worldwide. In horses, influenza is characterized by an abrupt onset of pyrexia, depression, coughing and nasal discharge, and is often complicated by secondary bacteria infections that can lead to pneumonia and death (Hannant and Mumford 1996). Although H3N8 is a major cause of morbidity in horses throughout the world, information on the seroprevalence of IAV in horses and other domestic animals in Mexico is limited.