Pivoting the player: a framework for player character research in offline computer role-playing games

This article introduces a theoretical framework for the analysis of the player character (PC) in offline computer role-playing games (cRPGs). It derives from the assumption that the character constitutes the focal point of the game, around which all the other elements revolve. This underlying observation became the foundation of the Player Character Grid and its constituent Pivot Player Character Model, a conceptual framework illustrating the experience of gameplay as perceived through the PC’s eyes. Although video game characters have been scrutinised from many different perspectives, a systematic framework has not been introduced yet. This study aims to fill that void by proposing a model replicable across the cRPG genre. It has been largely inspired by Anne Ubersfeld’s semiological dramatic character research implemented in Reading Theatre I (1999) and is demonstrated with reference to The Witcher (CD Projekt RED 2007).

Raising concerns and reporting poor care in practice

This article considers the issue of poor care and how nurses should respond when they encounter it. Several reports and inquiries into failings in care have called into question the standards of care provided by nurses. Of equal concern is the observation that in some instances, poor care is unreported. While there may be underlying structural and organisational reasons for this, it is contended that nurses have a legal, moral and professional obligation to report poor care when they become aware of it.