Gastroprotective potential of Buddleja scordioides Kunth: Effects into the modulation of antioxidant enzymes and inflammation markers in an in vivo model

Ethnopharmacological relevance: A common plant used to treat several gastric disorders is Buddleja scordioides Kunth,commonly known as salvilla. Aim of thes tudy: To detect inflammatory markers,in order to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of salvilla infusions,as this could have beneficial impact on the population exposed to gastric ulcers and colitis. Materials and methods: The present work attempted infusions were prepared with B. scordioides (1% w/w) lyophilized and stored.Total phenolic content and GC–MS analysis were performed. Wistar rats were divided into five groups a negative vehicle control,an indomethacin group,and three experimental groups,named preventive,curative,and suppressive. All rats were sacrificed under deep ether anesthesia(6h)after the last oral administration of indomethacin/infusion.The rat stomachs were promptly excised,weighed,and chilled in ice-cold and 0.9%NaCl.Histological analysis,nitrites quantification and immunodetection assays were done. Results: B.scordioides infusions markedly reduced the visible hemorrhagic lesions induced byindomethacin in rat stomachs,also showed down-regulation of COX2, IL-8 and TNFα and up-regulation of COX-1with a moderate down-regulation of NFkB and lower amount of nitrites.However,this behavior was dependent on the treatment,showing most down-regulation of COX-2,TNFα and IL-8 in the curative treatment;more down-regulation of NF-kB in the preventive treatment;and more up-regulation of COX-1 for the suppressor and preventive treatments. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory potential of B. scordioides infusions could be related with the presence of polyphenols as quercetin in the infusion and how this one is consumed.

Improving bilingual higher education: Training university professors in content and language integrated learning

With increasing international mobility, higher education must cater to the varying linguistic and cultural needs of students. Successful delivery of courses through English as the vehicular language is essential to encourage international enrollment. However, this cannot be achieved without preparing university professors in the many intricacies delivering their subjects in English may pose. This paper aims to: share preliminary data concerning Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) at Laureate Network Universities worldwide as few studies have been conducted at the tertiary level, reflect upon data regarding student and teacher satisfaction with CLIL at the Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), and to propose improvements in English-taught subjects.