6 resultados para GATO DOMESTICO - HISTOPATOLOGIA
em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The action of man has led, over the years, major impacts on the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, leading to an impairment of water quality, considered one of the essential factors for the maintenance of vital functions and consequently the life of the planet. Among the activities considered a risk for the environment are linked to pollution from many sources and even entire watersheds, whether by industrial waste, sewage, or for substances used in agriculture, such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. The (2,4-D) 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is used worldwide, and the fact that its genotoxicity is proven by several studies and by its long persistence in soil, which enables the leaching and percolation of compounds affecting water bodies, toxicity studies are relevant and justifiable. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of 2,4-D by examining the liver of the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different dilutions. Portions of liver were collected and fixed for histological and histochemical techniques to detect total proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. lipids. Treatment with 2,4-D herbicide apparently did not alter the lipid profiles, the accumulation of polysaccharides, and the presence of total proteins. The 2.5 and 5.0% were lethal to fish. These mortalities are probably of high toxic and cytotoxic potential of 2,4-D herbicide results. Several histopathological changes were found, such as: loss of cytoplasmic integrity, loss of cell limit, nuclear deformation, vacuolated cytoplasm, tissue disorganization and hydropic degeneration. Statistically significant changes were: hydropic degeneration and vacuolated cytoplasm. It is concluded, therefore, that the qualitative morphological analysis is an important method for observing changes in liver toxicology studies. As the O. niloticus species is an efficient biological indicator of water pollution by 2,4-D
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O fígado é a maior glândula e o segundo maior órgão do corpo, podendo ser dividido em zona 1, próxima à região do espaço porta, zona 2 ou intermediária, e zona 3, próxima da veia centro-lobular. A zona 1 é responsável pela gliconeogenese, enquanto a zona 3 é responsável pela detoxicação. O óxido de 4-nitroquinolina (4-NQO) é um agente carcinogênico sintético capaz de aumentar o risco individual ao desenvolvimento de neoplasia maligna na língua de ratos, e sua biotransformação 4-HAQO ocorre no compartimento hepático. Neste estudo, 5 grupos de 8 ratos cada, foram submetidos à administração oral de 4-NQO na concentração de 25 ppm (massa solvente/massa soluto) através da água de beber, com a finalidade de identificar a ocorrência de alterações metabólicas hepáticas devido ao acúmulo de glicogênio nos hepatócitos dos animais, analisado pela coloração de ácido periódico de Shiff (PAS). O glicogênio é o principal polissacarídeo de reserva energética dos animais, e é fundamental para manter a homeostase do organismo, sendo seu acúmulo nos hepatócitos uma resposta fisiológica normal após a ingestão de alimentos, ou ainda, pode devido a perturbações metabólicas provocadas por tratamentos que os animais foram expostos. Neste estudo, o fígado dos animais dos diferentes grupos analisados demonstraram níveis distintos de marcação para glicogênio, mas não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, podendo considerar que os animais foram pouco ou não foram afetados pela exposição às diferentes substâncias estudadas no projeto e que não foram tóxicas aos animais, havendo apenas um ligeiro aumento nos níveis de glicogênio hepático geral.
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The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)