Análise da fluência em vigas de concreto armado simplesmente apoiadas usando o método dos elementos finitos

Reinforced concrete creep is a phenomenon of great importance. Despite being appointed as the main cause of several pathologies, its effects are yet considered in a simplified way by the structural designers. In addition to studying the phenomenon in reinforced concrete structures and its current account used in the structural analysis, this paper compares creep strains at simply supported reinforced concrete beams in analytical and in experimental forms with the finite element method (FEM) simulation results. The strains and deflections obtained through the analytical form were calculated with the Brazilian code NBR 6118 (2014) recommendations and the simplified method from CEB-FIP 90 and the experimental results were extracted from tests available in the literature. Finite element simulations are performed using ANSYS Workbench software, using its 3D SOLID 186 elements and the structure symmetry. Analyzes of convergence using 2D PLANE 183 elements are held as well. At the end, it is concluded that FEM analyses are quantitative and qualitative efficient for the estimation of this non-linearity and that the method utilized to obtain the creep coefficients values is sufficiently accurate.

Educação financeira no ensino médio: uma abordagem por meio da análise de produtos financeiros com ênfase em consórcios

This paper presents a differential approach of financial mathematics developed in high school, focusing on financial education. We seek through the insertion of texts, analysis of some financial products and by the interpretation of problems to contribute to the financial training of students. Aiming to make financial mathematics more attractive and accessible to the day-today, there are available for studies some practical tools like the citizen calculator which are available for computers and mobile phones. As well as spreadsheets and software Geogebra, that allow you to compare and analyze the financial costs of consortia, financing and financial applications,in addition to being allied in the preparation and control of personal and family budget. By applying the teaching sequence proposed in a nocturnal class of high school, we realized some difficulties that have limited the financial learning of math concepts.Yet identified progress regarding the financial education of students. These observations were made through qualitative and quantitative analysis from notes in the field diary and also answers given by students in specific form.

Internacionalização da educação superior: estratégias e ações da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

The present dissertation is inserted in the internationalization of the university-level education research field and aimed to analyze the strategies and internationalization actions of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), locus of research. The study sought to establish the current context in which the internationalization is inserted and contextualize the research problematic presenting definitions, concepts, reasons and strategies linked to an international dimension. It also presents a historical context of the internationalization of Brazil and current public policies related to this topic. This research used content analysis to analyze institutional documents (Institutional Development Plans (2004-2017) and Management Reports (2000-2014)); semi-structured interviews (Director of International Relations, Coordinator of programs and actions related to the mobility of students, Head of the Department of Education and Dean of Research and Graduate Studies); information pertaining to the theme from the university’s website and events held in the Campus of the institution. Data were analyzed using the procedures prescribed for this type of analysis with the establishment of three categories: concepts, strategies and actions. Based on the foregoing, in terms of synthesis, could be understood that increasing the participation of UTFPR on the international scene has always been linked to the institution’s policies and goals, yet without an political institutional plan without objectives, strategies and goals established systematically. In the case of the conception of the internationalization of UTFPR it was realized that the theme currently gained more focus and greater coverage in the institution. In this context, Ciência Sem Fronteiras program contributed to, giving greater visibility to UTFPR on the world stage. From then on, specific strategies and actions are being developed in seeking internationalization under institutional perspective, of the servers, the expansion of mobility, and greater visibility of the institution in the international arena, regional integration and promotion of internationalization at the university. Overall, the management of internationalization in the institution does not have a formal project, but has specific strategies and actions seeking their expansion. Thus, the process of internationalization in UTFPR presents itself in an early stage, with strategies and actions seeking to expand the international dimension in the institution who takes singular importance to its expansion and consolidation.

Estudo empírico de antecedentes do sucesso de sistemas de informação: análise de um sistema de apoio à decisão em uma universidade pública

Universities are institutions that generate and manipulate large amounts of data as a result of the multiple functions they perform, of the amount of involved professionals and students they attend. Information gathered from these data is used, for example, for operational activities and to support decision-making by managers. To assist managers in accomplishing their tasks, the Information Systems (IS) are presented as tools that offer features aiming to improve the performance of its users, assist with routine tasks and provide support to decision-making. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the influence of the users features and of the task in the success of IS. The study is of a descriptive-exploratory nature, therefore, the constructs used to define the conceptual model of the research are known and previously validated. However, individual features of users and of the task are IS success antecedents. In order to test the influence of these antecedents, it was developed a decision support IS that uses the Multicriteria Decision Aid Constructivist (MCDA-C) methodology with the participation and involvement of users. The sample consisted of managers and former managers of UTFPR Campus Pato Branco who work or have worked in teaching activities, research, extension and management. For data collection an experiment was conducted in the computer lab of the Campus Pato Branco in order to verify the hypotheses of the research. The experiment consisted of performing a distribution task of teaching positions between the academic departments using the IS developed. The task involved decision-making related to management activities. The data that fed the system used were real, from the Campus itself. A questionnaire was answered by the participants of the experiment in order to obtain data to verify the research hypotheses. The results obtained from the data analysis partially confirmed the influence of the individual features in IS success and fully confirmed the influence of task features. The data collected failed to support significant ratio between the individual features and the individual impact. For many of the participants the first contact with the IS was during the experiment, which indicates the lack of experience with the system. Regarding the success of IS, the data revealed that there is no significance in the relationship between Information Quality (IQ) and Individual Impact (II). It is noteworthy that the IS used in the experiment is to support decision-making and the information provided by this system are strictly quantitative, which may have caused some conflict in the analysis of the criteria involved in the decision-making process. This is because the criteria of teaching, research, extension and management are interconnected such that one reflects on another. Thus, the opinion of the managers does not depend exclusively on quantitative data, but also of knowledge and value judgment that each manager has about the problem to be solved.

Análise e modelagem do escoamento transitório de fluidos de perfuração

Drilling fluids present a thixotropic behavior and they usually gel when at rest. The sol-gel transition is fundamental to prevent the deposit of rock fragments, generated by drilling the well, over the drill bit during eventual stops. Under those conditions, high pressures are then required in order to break-up the gel when circulation is resumed. Moreover, very high pressures can damage the rock formation at the bottom of the well. Thus, a better understanding of thixotropy and the behavior of thixotropic materials becomes increasingly important for process control. The mechanisms that control thixotropy are not yet well defined and modeling is still a challenge. The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model to study the pressure transmission in drilling fluids. This work presents a review of thixotropy and of different mathematical models found in the literature that are used to predict such characteristic. It also shows a review of transient flows of compressible fluids. The problem is modeled as the flow between the drillpipe and the annular region (space between the wall and the external part of the drillpipe). The equations that describe the problem (mass conservation, momentum balance, constitutive and state) are then discretized and numerically solved by using a computational algorithm in Fortran. The model is validated with experimental and numerical data obtained from the literature. Comparisons between experimental data obtained from Petrobras and calculated by three viscoplastic and one pseudoplastic models are conducted. The viscoplastic fluids, due to the yield stress, do not fully transmit the pressure to the outlet of the annular space. Sensibility analyses are then conducted in order to evaluate the thixotropic effect in pressure transmission.

A racionalização das condições de trabalho nos hospitais: uma análise crítica baseada em relatos de ginecologistas obstetras e pediatras atuantes na urgência e emergência

Hospitals are a big part of the service sector. Thus, such institutions are highly influenced by the logic of the capitalist accumulation, technology and forms of labor organization, especially by private organizations. Starting with the restructuring process motion and incorporation of technologies, many changes in the working process occur, therefore, the activities of medical professionals as well. During the preparation of this research items regarding the banalization of evil were identified. This banalization and resignation of the professionals face to violence are caused by the adoption of collective defense strategies. Therefore, this research aims to analyze how the rationalization of working conditions by gynecologists obstetricians and pediatricians working in the emergency rooms of public and private hospitals in Curitiba and metropolitan region occurs. An approach of mixed methods was used as methodological procedures. The naturalization of violence, the suffering which professionals are submitted to, are combined with the political and ideological control, bureaucratic control, the imaginary built about hospitals and collective defense strategies. It is therefore possible to understand that labor conditions of gynecologists obstetricians and pediatricians in emergency rooms are rationalized. When social injustice is naturalized, political strategies for changes are not possible. For this reason, the first step is to gather awareness, there is a need to unveil the reality, to understand the phenomena at its core and discard superficialities. It is also necessary that the actions and expressions of indignation to come hand in hand with political actions in order to change to happen.

Análise e projeto de um conversor boost de três níveis intercalado

This paper presents the development of a boost converter with the possibility of higher gain than the conventional boost converter for applications under similar conditions and increased power. Presents the main concepts involving the boost converter and two variations: the boost converter of three levels and the boost converter interspersed with two converter cells. The breakdown mounting positions, the operating steps, the addressing and the main strengths of each converter in order to check for possible uses in the construction of a prototype joining their main advantages. In the presentation of this converter addresses the operating steps, the equation governing its design, the simulations obtained through software (PSIM), a comparison between the boost converter models studied and the experimental results.

A regionalização como instrumento de governança pública em saúde no estado do Paraná: análise dos vazios assistenciais como subsídio à ação do estado

Everyone has a right to health and the State’s duty is to provide it. SUS (unified health system) main principles are universalization, integrality and equality which are based on the decentralization, regionalization and hierarchization directives and shows the importance of a territorial perspective for planning healthcare actions. Decentralization was the strategy chosen to implant SUS, since municipalities were in charge of providing and organizing the municipal healthcare services. Nevertheless regionalization, that’s to say service, institution and practice integration, was not performed satisfactorily, thus jeopardizing the health system decision making process and causing disputes between municipalities over financial resources instead of developing an interdependent and cooperative net. This way, it is important to analyze if health regionalization has a good potential for being used as public governance tool. The present study aims at giving answers to the following research problem: What are the contributions of regionalism to the State of Paraná public governance applied to health? Besides that, it also aims at assessing the State of Parana health regionalization to identify healthcare gaps and help the State actions through public governance principles applied to healthcare. Therefore, the study used a quantitative-qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, plus secondary data concerning bibliographic and documental research. The present study analyzed the current hospital bed distribution by compared to the ideal distribution allowing the identification of healthcare gaps in the regional healthcare centers, besides considering medical specialties in the State of Paraná. The study conclusion is that health regionalization is an important tool for reducing healthcare gaps concerning hospital beds permitting the use of seven to ten public governance principles applied to healthcare, as established in the present study, and shows health regionalization is an important pubic governance tool.

Projeto, implementação e análise de um conversor CC-CC de alto ganho e alto rendimento para aplicações fotovoltaicas

In recent years the photovoltaic generation has had greater insertion in the energy mix of the most developed countries, growing at annual rates of over 30%. The pressure for the reduction of pollutant emissions, diversification of the energy mix and the drop in prices are the main factors driving this growth. Grid tied systems plays an important role in alleviating the energy crisis and diversification of energy sources. Among the grid tied systems, building integrated photovoltaic systems suffers from partial shading of the photovoltaic modules and consequently the energy yield is reduced. In such cases, classical forms of modules connection do not produce good results and new techniques have been developed to increase the amount of energy produced by a set of modules. In the parallel connection technique of photovoltaic modules, a high voltage gain DC-DC converter is required, which is relatively complex to build with high efficiency. The current-fed isolated converters explored in this work have some desirable characteristics for this type of application, such as: low input current ripple and input voltage ripple, high voltage gain, galvanic isolation, feature high power capacity and it achieve soft switching in a wide operating range. This study presents contributions to the study of a high gain and high efficiency DC-DC converter for use in a parallel system of photovoltaic generation, being possible the use in a microinverter or with central inverter. The main contributions of this work are: analysis of the active clamping circuit operation proposing that the clamp capacitor connection must be done on the negative node of the power supply to reduce the input current ripple and thus reduce the filter requirements; use of a voltage doubler in the output rectifier to reduce the number of components and to extend the gain of the converter; detailed study of the converter components in order to raise the efficiency; obtaining the AC equivalent model and control system design. As a result, a DC-DC converter with high gain, high efficiency and without electrolytic capacitors in the power stage was developed. In the final part of this work the DC-DC converter operation connected to an inverter is presented. Besides, the DC bus controller is designed and are implemented two maximum power point tracking algorithms. Experimental results of full system operation connected to an emulator and subsequently to a real photovoltaic module are also given.

Transformada wavelet aplicada a análise automática de oscilografias de curta duração em unidades geradoras

The focus of this work is the automatic analysis of disturbance records for electrical power generating units. The main proposition is a method based on wavelet transform applied to short-term disturbance records (waveform records). The goal of the method is to detect the time instants of recorded disturbances and extract meaningful information that characterize the faults. The result is a set of representative information of the monitored signals in power generators. This information can be further classified by an expert system (or other classification method) in order to classify the faults and other abnormal operating conditions. The large amount of data produced by digital fault recorders during faults justify the research of methods to assist the analysts in their task of analysing the disturbances. The literature review pointed out the state of the art and possible applications for oscillography records. The review of the COMTRADE standard and wavelet transform underlines the choice of the method for solving the problem. The conducted tests lead to the determination of the best mother wavelet for the segmentation process. The application of the proposed method to five case studies with real oscillographic records confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. With this research, the post-operation analysis of occurrences is improved and as a direct result is the reduction of the time that generators are offline.

Análise e proposição de estratégias de estimação e controle de velocidade para motores de indução trifásicos

This study presents a proposal of speed servomechanisms without the use of mechanical sensors (sensorless) using induction motors. A comparison is performed and propose techniques for pet rotor speed, analyzing performance in different conditions of speed and load. For the determination of control technique, initially, is performed an analysis of the technical literature of the main control and speed estimation used, with their characteristics and limitations. The proposed technique for servo sensorless speed induction motor uses indirect field-oriented control (IFOC), composed of four controllers of the proportional-integral type (PI): rotor flux controller, speed controller and current controllers in the direct and quadrature shaft. As the main focus of the work is in the speed control loop was implemented in Matlab the recursive least squares algorithm (RLS) for identification of mechanical parameters, such as moment of inertia and friction coefficient. Thus, the speed of outer loop controller gains can be self adjusted to compensate for any changes in the mechanical parameters. For speed estimation techniques are analyzed: MRAS by rotóricos fluxes MRAS by counter EMF, MRAS by instantaneous reactive power, slip, locked loop phase (PLL) and sliding mode. A proposition of estimation in sliding mode based on speed, which is performed a change in rotor flux observer structure is displayed. To evaluate the techniques are performed theoretical analyzes in Matlab simulation environment and experimental platform in electrical machinery drives. The DSP TMS320F28069 was used for experimental implementation of speed estimation techniques and check the performance of the same in a wide speed range, including load insertion. From this analysis is carried out to implement closed-loop control of sensorless speed IFOC structure. The results demonstrated the real possibility of replacing mechanical sensors for estimation techniques proposed and analyzed. Among these, the estimator based on PLL demonstrated the best performance in various conditions, while the technique based on sliding mode has good capacity estimation in steady state and robustness to parametric variations.

Modelo para distribuição de recursos nos municípios brasileiros baseado na lei de diretrizes orçamentárias, análise multicritério e programação linear

The municipal management in any country of the globe requires planning and allocation of resources evenly. In Brazil, the Law of Budgetary Guidelines (LDO) guides municipal managers toward that balance. This research develops a model that seeks to find the balance of the allocation of public resources in Brazilian municipalities, considering the LDO as a parameter. For this using statistical techniques and multicriteria analysis as a first step in order to define allocation strategies, based on the technical aspects arising from the municipal manager. In a second step, presented in linear programming based optimization where the objective function is derived from the preference of the results of the manager and his staff. The statistical representation is presented to support multicriteria development in the definition of replacement rates through time series. The multicriteria analysis was structured by defining the criteria, alternatives and the application of UTASTAR methods to calculate replacement rates. After these initial settings, an application of linear programming was developed to find the optimal allocation of enforcement resources of the municipal budget. Data from the budget of a municipality in southwestern Paraná were studied in the application of the model and analysis of results.

Análise de aspectos sociocientíficos em questões de química do Enem: subsídio para a elaboração de material didático para a formação cidadã

Acompanha: Manual didático: o emprego de aspectos sociocientíficos no ensino de química