Estructura de elevador automatizado

Nuestro proyecto trata de un elevador de cuatro pisos que funciona por dos motores de pasos para subir y bajar y abrir y cerrar la puerta de este. Fue realizado principalmente con el propósito de ayudar a las personas con discapacidades visuales o motrices al momento de seleccionar el piso al que se requiere llegar. Además cuenta con botones en caso de que llegue a fallar el sistema de reconocimiento de voz el cual será. Es controlado por un PIC 16F887 que manda las ordenes a dos motores paso a paso, uno que se encarga de hacer subir y bajar el vagón y el otro usado para ejecutar la apertura y cierre de la puerta. Su estructura es de forma cilíndrica para salir un poco de la estructura rectangular habitual que se tiene de los elevadores, y sus paredes son transparentes para una mejor visualización del funcionamiento. Un ascensor o elevador es un sistema de transporte vertical diseñado para movilizar personas o bienes entre diferentes niveles. Puede ser utilizado ya sea para ascender o descender en un edificio o una construcción subterránea. Se conforma con partes mecánicas, eléctricas y electrónicas que funcionan conjuntamente para lograr un medio seguro de movilidad.

Exact solutions for the agricultural and the two-dimensional packing problems

Objectives and study method: The objective of this study is to develop exact algorithms that can be used as management tools for the agricultural production planning and to obtain exact solutions for two of the most well known twodimensional packing problems: the strip packing problem and the bin packing problem. For the agricultural production planning problem we propose a new hierarchical scheme of three stages to improve the current agricultural practices. The objective of the first stage is to delineate rectangular and homogeneous management zones into the farmer’s plots considering the physical and chemical soil properties. This is an important task because the soil properties directly affect the agricultural production planning. The methodology for this stage is based on a new method called “Positions and Covering” that first generates all the possible positions in which the plot can be delineated. Then, we use a mathematical model of linear programming to obtain the optimal physical and chemical management zone delineation of the plot. In the second stage the objective is to determine the optimal crop pattern that maximizes the farmer’s profit taken into account the previous management zones delineation. In this case, the crop pattern is affected by both management zones delineation, physical and chemical. A mixed integer linear programming is used to solve this stage. The objective of the last stage is to determine in real-time the amount of water to irrigate in each crop. This stage takes as input the solution of the crop planning stage, the atmospheric conditions (temperature, radiation, etc.), the humidity level in plots, and the physical management zones of plots, just to name a few. This procedure is made in real-time during each irrigation period. A linear programming is used to solve this problem. A breakthrough happen when we realize that we could propose some adaptations of the P&C methodology to obtain optimal solutions for the two-dimensional packing problem and the strip packing. We empirically show that our methodologies are efficient on instances based on real data for both problems: agricultural and two-dimensional packing problems. Contributions and conclusions: The exact algorithms showed in this study can be used in the making-decision support for agricultural planning and twodimensional packing problems. For the agricultural planning problem, we show that the implementation of the new hierarchical approach can improve the farmer profit between 5.27% until 8.21% through the optimization of the natural resources. An important characteristic of this problem is that the soil properties (physical and chemical) and the real-time factors (climate, humidity level, evapotranspiration, etc.) are incorporated. With respect to the two-dimensional packing problems, one of the main contributions of this study is the fact that we have demonstrate that many of the best solutions founded in literature by others approaches (heuristics approaches) are the optimal solutions. This is very important because some of these solutions were up to now not guarantee to be the optimal solutions.