El Estado y la organización social en la producción y distribución del café en los Andes venezolanos

ResumenLa penetración del Estado venezolano en la producción y comercialización del café entre 1974 y 1991 no logró desplazar el control social y económico a los grupos tradicionales de poder en la región de los Andes; estos se organizaron en nuevos núcleos de poder junto con los burócratas de las instituciones cafetaleras, demostrando la persistencia de elementos económicos en la organización social andina.AbstractThe involvement of Venezuelan State in production and marketing of coffee from 1974 to 1991 did not put an end to social and economic control by traditional power groups in the Andean region. Such groups organized into new power nuclei together with bureaucrats from coffee sector institutions, thus demonstrating the persistence of non-economic components of Andean social organization.

THE ETHICS OF READER

We have long been critics of the creative work of philosophers and culture at the tender touch of his words, written or verbal, are both with the "hammer" that whoever owns the Ethics in writer-reader relationship is the first, called "comprehensive architect of the word" but inveterate dominant ideals of multiple anonymous.With this statement suggests that the second of this connection is nothing but a later, perhaps a "so and so" incognito benefits from its "home on earth", and who succeeds, after a long journey "cognitive "the privilege of reading. This old argument raised from ancient tradition, makes the reader a living subject-receptor but without providing the bulk of responsibility quantitative space offered by the marketing and consumption.Distrust of the concepts that attempt to establish a definition coldly detached from a bandage dressing, and the reader has not been imposed by the consumer society. In the sixteenth century came the paperback version, the books of Erasmus of Rotterdam were bestsellers in their time. The Praise of Folly and the political writings of Marthin Luther read at a time when the religious world was incorruptible, were read more than the Bible. Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis in the 1300's, that is, before you discover Gutenberg printing circulated throughout Europe in the Latin language, and even in the inscrutable rock monasteries under his cassock, in the secret place of the monk carrying the book. Accepting that the reader is a result of the market, is to bring the book to reified object category and inapreciar history book.

ERNESTO «CHE» GUEVARA, UNA TRILOGIA: UTOPIA, ÉTICA y EXISTENCIA

Las presentes reflexiones son una suerte de ensayo en el cual se imbrican conceptos de diferentes experiencias intelectuales. En un primer momento intento comprender la práctica histórica personal de Ernesto «Che» Guevara y, en particular su visión del «hombre nuevo», a la luz de la teoría de la utopía proveniente de los aportes de destacados filósofos latinoamericanos. En un segundo momento me adhiero a las posiciones de la psicología existencialista del psicoanalista Viktor E. Frankl, con el propósito de profundizar las relaciones entre los valores y las actitudes de Guevara y, por ende, clarificar los fundamentos éticos y existenciales de su personalidad. Yen un tercer momento, a manera de conclusión, me propongo una síntesis conceptual que amalgame los elementos diversos que convergen en el ensayo y pretenden la aplicación de una óptica psicológico-existencial, en el entendimiento de la obra y personalidad.

María Eugenia Dengo Obregón: vislumbre del pensamiento filosófico y humanista de su obra

María Eugenia Dengo es una de las principales pensadoras y educadoras del siglo XX, su obra está sumergida en una serie de ideas filosóficas y humanistas que le permitieron vislumbrar algunas de las necesidades educativas costarricenses. Con el estudio y seguimiento de varios filósofos costarricenses, empezando con su padre Omar Dengo, su tesis basada en los poemas de Roberto Brenes Mesén y de la mano con Dra. Emma Gamboa, inició un largo camino en la investigación educativa con cimentos humanistas. Palabras claves: María Eugenia Dengo, educación, humanismo, pensadores/as costarricenses, ideas filosóficas costarricenses. Abstract María Eugenia Dengo is one of the most outstanding thinkers and teachers of the 20th. Century in Costa Rica. Her work, developed throughout her philosophical and humanistic thinking, fulfilled some of the most urgent educational needs of the country. Throughout the study of several Costa Rican thinkers, starting by his own father, Omar Dengo, followed by her thesis dissertation on Roberto Brenes Mesén poems and side by side with Dr. Emma Gamboa, Dengo set off the road in educational research and its humanistic foundations. Key words: Maria Eugenia Dengo, Education, Humanism, Costa Rican thinkers, Costa Rican philosophical tought