Impact of taxes on competition: the legal status quo in the European Union

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Negócios, Europeu e Transnacional

Relações existentes entre o desempenho motor das habilidades locomotoras e o seu envolvimento no bullying escolar em crianças de 10 a 12 anos

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

Inclusão de crianças com paralisia cerebral no pré-escolar: perspetivas dos pais

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce)

Relação entre aptidão física e sucesso académico: em alunos de final de ciclo: 8º e 9º ano de escolaridade

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

The effect of secular trends in the classroom furniture mismatch: support for continuous update of school furniture standards

In order to create safer schools, the Chilean authorities published a Standard regarding school furniture dimensions. The aims of this study are twofold: to verify the existence of positive secular trend within the Chilean student population and to evaluate the potential mismatch between the anthropometric characteristics and the school furniture dimensions defined by the mentioned standard. The sample consists of 3078 subjects. Eight anthropometric measures were gathered, together with six furniture dimensions from the mentioned standard. There is an average increase for some dimensions within the Chilean student population over the past two decades. Accordingly, almost 18% of the students will find the seat height to be too high. Seat depth will be considered as being too shallow for 42.8% of the students. It can be concluded that the Chilean student population has increased in stature, which supports the need to revise and update the data from the mentioned Standard. Practitioner Summary: Positive secular trend resulted in high levels of mismatch if furniture is selected according to the current Chilean Standard which uses data collected more than 20 years ago. This study shows that school furniture standards need to be updated over time.

Equations for defining the mismatch between students and school furniture: A systematic review

The present study reviews the scientific literature that describes the criteria equations for defining the mismatch between students and school furniture. This mismatch may negatively affect students' performance and comfort. Seventeen studies met the criteria of this review and twenty-one equations to test six furniture dimensions were identified. There was substantial mismatch between the relative heights of chairs and tables. Some systematic errors have been found during the application of the different equations, such as the assumption that students are sitting on chairs with a proper seat height. Only one study considered the cumulative fit. Finally, some equations are based on contradictory criteria and need to develop and evaluate new equations for these cases. Relevance to industry: Ultimately, the present work is a contribution toward improving the evaluation of school furniture and could be used to design ergonomic-oriented classroom furniture.

A imputabilidade do adolescente no direito penal

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito da Criança, Família, Órfãos e Sucessões

Sistema de colocação de professores em Portugal: problemas e soluções

O sistema de colocação dos professores do ensino secundário em Portugal é um sistema centralizado, gerido pelo governo, mais precisamente pelo Ministério da Educação e Ciência. É um sistema que todos os anos apresenta problemas e, por esse motivo, é alvo de críticas por parte dos seus intervenientes, sobretudo pelos professores. Este artigo pretende identificar esses problemas, para isso efetuou-se uma revisão sistemática e uma meta análise de como é efetuada a colocação de professores em Portugal. Pretendeu-se ainda perceber e descrever como este sistema funciona na União Europeia. Para se encontrar soluções de melhoria para o sistema de colocação de professores efetuaram-se entrevistas a dirigentes escolares. Finalmente, a partir das soluções encontradas em países da União Europeia e das soluções oriundas das opiniões dos dirigentes escolares, são apresentados um conjunto de requisitos que o sistema de colocação de professores deve ter em atenção, de forma a evitar os problemas identificados.

A implementação do modelo de atendimento à diversidade como resposta eficaz ao apoio a alunos com necessidades especiais na região norte de Portugal

Tese de Doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Educação Especial)

Analysis and selection of indicators for a sustainability assessment method for school buildings based on SBTool ‐ PT

Nowadays, the sustainability of buildings has an extreme importance. This concept goes towards the European aims of the Program Horizon 2020, which concerns about the reduction of the environmental impacts through such aspects as the energy efficiency and renewable technologies, among others. Sustainability is an extremely broad concept but, in this work, it is intended to include the concept of sustainability in buildings. Within the concept that aims the integration of environmental, social and economic levels towards the preservation of the planet and the integrity of the users, there are, currently, several types of tools of environmental certification that are applicable to the construction industry (LEED, BREEAM, DGNB, SBTool, among others). Within this context, it is highlighted the tool SBTool (Sustainable Building Tool) that is employed in several countries and can be subject to review in institutions of basic education, which are the base for the formation of the critical masses and for the development of a country. The main aim of this research is to select indicators that can be used in a methodology for sustainability assessment (SBTool) of school buildings in Portugal and in Brazil. In order to achieve it, it will also be analyzed other methodologies that already incorporate parameters directly related with the schools environment, such as BREEAM or LEED.

The importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainability in methodologies for eco‐efficiency in school buildings

This document reports the importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainability in the school environment. Education in school has a potential to make the benefits of the building construction visible for society and media, showing to the students, parents and communities how sustainability in built environment could improve the people life in economic, social and environment aspects. Thus, this paper addresses the main events related to sustainability, such as the Stockholm Conference, the Brundtland report, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and Agenda 21, until reaching the necessity of the elaboration of Methodologies for environmental assessment of building, and later, the development of the specific methodologies according to the buildings. It is also described some examples of sustainability in schools in Germany, Finland and Italy and what kind of sustainable systems those countries are currently using.

Lideranças curriculares intermédias no contexto da avaliação externa das escolas em Portugal

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Desenvolvimento Curricular).

School governance and academic excellence: the representations of distinguished students in an annual award of excellence

Within a research project on «academic excellence in the state school», this paper is a contribution to the sociological reflection on the cultural and organisational characteristics of the school and its relationship with the academic success of students. The data we present stem from a case study underway at a secondary school in the north of Portugal, referring to the universe of students that since 2003 have distinguished themselves for achieving grades equal to or greater than 18 (on a scale of 0 to 20) and have thus been included in the school’s Framework of Excellence. From a contextual approach to this educational practice, we focused on the cultural characteristics of the school/subject as analytical support for the study of school and non-school dimensions in their mutual connections. To this end, we used the information from document analysis and data collected from a questionnaire survey administered to more than two-thirds of the students included in the above-mentioned Framework of Excellence. Subsequently, we will use the data from this survey to understand the extent to which academic excellence is perceived as an indivisible social construction of the school’s political and organisational matrix, particularly in terms of the educational and teaching guidelines adopted by the management body. We will conclude by questioning the meaning of the school’s management policies regarding the emphasis on educational outcomes, with particular focus on the representations of excellent students in the processes of school leadership, teaching organisation, school merit and justice.

O ensino da matemática e a avaliação externa de escolas: um estudo com professores do 1.º e 2.º ciclos

Os processos e práticas de educação e formação portugueses estão cada vez mais integrados em agendas globalmente estruturadas, cujo eixo de influência se situa no quadro comum das políticas da União Europeia e de organismos transnacionais como a OCDE (Pacheco, 2009). A avaliação tem vindo a assumir, nas últimas décadas, um papel central, extrapolando a sua importância para além do campo da educação (Afonso, 2010). O destaque atribuído à avaliação das escolas decorre de duas tendências que marcam a generalidade dos países europeus: a descentralização de meios e a definição de objetivos nacionais e de patamares de resultados escolares (Eurydice, 2011). Utilizando a análise político-económica da globalização na educação e fazendo também uma abordagem crítica às políticas de partilha (Takayama, 2013), pretendese analisar a mediação das pressões das políticas curriculares de homogeneização e estandardização dos resultados (Afonso, 2012; Santiago, Donaldson, Looney & Nusche, 2012) e a sua influência nos professores de Matemática. O presente estudo quantitativo envolve a realização de um inquérito por questionário aos professores do 1.º e 2.º ciclos de Matemática do Ensino Básico, onde se averigua de que forma o modelo de avaliação externa de escolas, implementado em Portugal desde 2006, tem colaborado para a elaboração de consequências concretas nos standards de avaliação, e na preponderância dos testes sumativos na disciplina de Matemática, considerando as mudanças curriculares e pedagógicas.

Cohesion policy in the European Union: a brief critical review

Over the past four decades the EU cohesion policy’s focus, objectives and content have experienced significant changes as a result of successive reforms aiming at adapting it to a Union in constant evolution. In the early stages, cohesion policy had eminently redistributive goals and it assumed an explicit spatial dimension. In the late nineties, the possibility of an extension towards Eastern European countries and the limited willingness of net contributors to increase funding led to a turning point in cohesion policy. The increased importance of economic growth and job creation in the 2000’s, within the cohesion policy’s context, has led to a misrepresentation of its essence and motivations. Cohesion was losing importance towards competitiveness and regional equity towards national efficiency. Today, cohesion policy is for many EU countries the main mean for mobilising investment in a context of budgetary constraints and credit rationing. In light of the available evidence, it is likely that the overall design and priorities of the current cohesion policy have a limited impact in terms of convergence in many EU regions, especially in the less developed regions. This paper’s main objectives are to analyse the evolution of European cohesion policy throughout its history, to present a picture of cohesion policy in the 2014-2020 programming period and to discuss the main problems associated with its design, priorities and programming model.