5 resultados para Single Health System
em Universidade do Minho
Resumo:
It is a difficult task to avoid the smart systems topic when discussing smart prevention and, similarly, it is a difficult task to address smart systems without focusing their ability to learn. Following the same line of thought, in the current reality, it seems a Herculean task (or an irreparable omission) to approach the topic of certified occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) without discussing the integrated management systems (IMSs). The available data suggest that seldom are the OHSMS operating as the single management system (MS) in a company so, any statement concerning OHSMS should mainly be interpreted from an integrated perspective. A major distinction between generic systems can be drawn between those that learn, i.e., those systems that have memory and those that have not. These former systems are often depicted as adaptive since they take into account past events to deal with novel, similar and future events modifying their structure to enable success in its environment. Often, these systems, present a nonlinear behavior and a huge uncertainty related to the forecasting of some events. This paper seeks to portray, for the first time as we were able to find out, the IMSs as complex adaptive systems (CASs) by listing their properties and dissecting the features that enable them to evolve and self-organize in order to, holistically, fulfil the requirements from different stakeholders and thus thrive by assuring the successful sustainability of a company. Based on the revision of literature carried out, this is the first time that IMSs are pointed out as CASs which may develop fruitful synergies both for the MSs and for CASs communities. By performing a thorough revision of literature and based on some concepts embedded in the DNA of the subsystems implementation standards it is intended, specifically, to identify, determine and discuss the properties of a generic IMS that should be considered to classify it as a CAS.
Resumo:
A presente investigao desenvolveu uma anlise profunda do setor da distribuio farmacutica, no perodo compreendido entre 2000 e 2009, procurando identificar as possveis relaes de interdependncia entre o meio envolvente e as opes de estratgia das empresas que constituram a amostra de estudo e entre as referidas opes de estratgia e as estruturas e o desempenho dessas empresas. A dinmica do mercado do medicamento na economia nacional, com um valor de 3,2 mil milhes de euros anuais (Infarmed, 2010), apresenta um impacto significativo na esperana de vida e na qualidade de vida dos cidados. Segundo a OCDE, os produtos farmacuticos so responsveis por quase um quinto de todos os gastos com sade, em mdia, nos pases da OCDE. Neste contexto, a distribuio farmacutica representa uma componente crtica. A disponibilizao de medicamentos em ambulatrio num curto espao de tempo s possvel devido a uma estrutura logstica com caractersticas muito especficas. A qualidade do armazenamento e do transporte dos medicamentos desde a sada dos laboratrios at chegada s farmcias rigorosamente monitorizada e controlada. O setor da distribuio farmacutica assume assim uma postura elementar na cadeia do medicamento, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade do sistema de sade que se tem vindo a verificar nas ltimas dcadas e prestando um servio com valor para a comunidade, uma vez que se compromete a assegurar um adequado e contnuo fornecimento de medicamentos para que as necessidades dos doentes e das populaes em geral sejam satisfeitas. As alteraes verificadas ao longo dos ltimos anos estimularam a dinmica concorrencial entre os diferentes agentes neste mercado, bastante regulamentado e com elevado entrosamento financeiro com o Estado, o que obrigou a rpidas mudanas. Neste contexto, a sobrevivncia das empresas, o seu crescimento e a sua perenidade futura tm constitudo um desafio abordado de forma diversa por cada empresa.
Resumo:
The health industry has always used natural products as a rich, promising, and alternative source of drugs that are used in the health system. Propolis, a natural resinous product known for centuries, is a complex product obtained by honey bees from substances collected from parts of different plants, buds, and exudates in different geographic areas. Propolis has been attracting scientific attention since it has many biological and pharmacological properties, which are related to its chemical composition. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to characterize and understand the diverse bioactivities of propolis and its isolated compounds, as well as to evaluate and validate its potential. Yet, there is a lack of information concerning clinical effectiveness. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential of propolis for the development of new drugs by presenting published data concerning the chemical composition and the biological properties of this natural compound from different geographic origins.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: The Cervical Cancer Database of the Brazilian National Health Service (SISCOLO) contains information regarding all cervical cytological tests and, if properly explored, can be used as a tool for monitoring and managing the cervical cancer screening program. The aim of this study was to perform a historical analysis of the cervical cancer screening program in Brazil from 2006 to 2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data necessary to calculate quality indicators were obtained from the SISCOLO, a Brazilian health system tool. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change. RESULTS: We observed important trends showing decreased rates of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and an increased rate of rejected exams from 2009 to 2013. The index of positivity was maintained at levels below those indicated by international standards; very low frequencies of unsatisfactory cases were observed over the study period, which partially contradicts the low rate of positive cases. The number of positive cytological diagnoses was below that expected, considering that developed countries with low frequencies of cervical cancer detect more lesions annually. CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of indicators from 2006 to 2013 suggests that actions must be taken to improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer control in Brazil.
Resumo:
Dissertao de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial
