Ensaio à rotura de protótipo de edifício em lajes de betão auto-compactável reforçado com fibras

O presente artigo descreve a investigação experimental realizada para avaliar as potencialidades da utilização de betão auto-compactável reforçado com fibras de aço (BACRFA) na construção de lajes fungiformes de edifícios de habitação e comércio, onde as fibras são o único reforço aplicado nas lajes. Para tal foi construído um protótipo deste tipo de edifícios, à escala 1:4, e ensaiado para condições de carga que permitissem avaliar o seu comportamento em serviço e em rotura. Estes ensaios foram complementados por um extenso programa experimental de caracterização do comportamento mecânico do BACRFA. Os ensaios de fluência no protótipo demonstraram a não ocorrência de fendas, bem como uma deformação dentro dos limites aceitáveis para este tipo de construção até uma sobrecarga de aproximadamente 40 kN/m2. No ensaio à rotura, o protótipo desenvolveu elevada capacidade de carga e rotura dúctil por flexão com formação de padrão difuso de fendas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o BACRFA desenvolvido demonstra potencial para ser utilizado no tipo de aplicação em causa com benefícios técnico e económicos.

Development of a new U 200 pultrusion die to produce GRP composite profiles using different thermosetting resins

In this work, a steel heated pultrusion die was designed, developed and manufactured to produce U200 glass fibre reinforced thermosetting matrix (GRP) profiles. The finite element analysis (FEA) was used to predict and optimise the developed die heating by using cylindrical electrical powered cartridges. To assess the new die performance it was mounted in the 120 kN pultrusion line of the Portuguese company Vidropol SA and used to produce continuously U200 profiles able to meet all requirements specified for the E23 grade accordingly to the European Standard EN 13706: 2002. After setting up the type, orientation and sequence of layers in laminate, orthophthalic, isophthalic and bisphenolic unsaturated polyester as well as vinylester resins were used to produce glass fibre reinforced U 200 composite profiles. An appropriated catalyst system was selected and the processing variables optimised for each case, namely, pultrusion pull-speed and die temperature. Finally, the produced U200 profiles were submitted to visual inspection, calcination and mechanical tests, namely, flexural, tensional and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, to assess their accomplishment with the EN 13706 requirements.

Using a new developed die and different types of thermosetting resins to produce U200 profiles by pultrusion

In this work, a new steel heated pultrusion die was designed, developed and manufactured to produce U200 glass fibre reinforced thermosetting matrix (GRP) profiles. The finite element analysis (FEA) was used to predict and optimise the developed die heating by using cylindrical electrical powered cartridges. To assess the new die performance it was mounted in the 120 kN pultrusion line of the Portuguese company Vidropol SA and used to produce continuously U200 profiles able to meet all requirements specified for the E23 grade accordingly to the European Standard EN 13706: 2002. After setting up the type, orientation and sequence of layers in the U 200 laminate, different types of thermosetting resins were used in its production. Orthophthalic, isophthalic and bisphenolic unsaturated polyester as well as vinylester resins were used to produce glass fibre reinforced U 200 composite profiles. All applied resins were submitted to SPI gel tests in order to select the more appropriated catalyst system and optimise the processing variables to be used in each case, namely, pultrusion pull-speed and die temperature. The best pultrusion operational conditions were selected by varying and monitoring the pull-speed and die temperature and, at the same time, measuring the temperature on the manufactured U 200 profile during processing. Finally, the produced U200 profiles were submitted to visual inspection, calcination and mechanical tests, namely, flexural, tensional and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, to assess their accomplishment with the EN 13706 requirements.

O tráfico de seres humanos na formação da polícia em Angola: o direito europeu como referência comparativa

Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Direito da União Europeia