Lithium ion rechargeable batteries: State of the art and future needs of microscopic theoretical models and simulations

This review deals with the recent developments and present status of the theoretical models for the simulation of the performance of lithium ion batteries. Preceded by a description of the main materials used for each of the components of a battery -anode, cathode and separator- and how material characteristics affect battery performance, a description of the main theoretical models describing the operation and performance of a battery are presented. The influence of the most relevant parameters of the models, such as boundary conditions, geometry and material characteristics are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future work are proposed.

Fractional pennes' bioheat equation: theoretical and numerical studies

In this work we provide a new mathematical model for the Pennes��� bioheat equation, assuming a fractional time derivative of single order. Alternative versions of the bioheat equation are studied and discussed, to take into account the temperature-dependent variability in the tissue perfusion, and both ���nite and in���nite speed of heat propagation. The proposed bioheat model is solved numerically using an implicit ���nite di���erence scheme that we prove to be convergent and stable. The numerical method proposed can be applied to general reaction di���usion equations, with a variable di���usion coe���cient. The results obtained with the single order fractional model, are compared with the original models that use classical derivatives.