12 resultados para Maturana, Humberto

em Universidade do Minho


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Considering that vernacular architecture may bear important lessons on hazard mitigation and that well-constructed examples showing traditional seismic resistant features can present far less vulnerability than expected, this study aims at understanding the resisting mechanisms and seismic behavior of vernacular buildings through detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analysis. This paper focuses specifically on a type of vernacular rammed earth constructions found in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. Several rammed earth constructions found in the region were selected and studied in terms of dimensions, architectural layout, structural solutions, construction materials and detailing and, as a result, a reference model was built, which intends to be a simplified representative example of these constructions, gathering the most common characteristics. Different parameters that may affect the seismic response of this type of vernacular constructions have been identified and a numerical parametric study was defined aiming at evaluating and quantifying their influence in the seismic behavior of this type of vernacular buildings. This paper is part of an ongoing research which includes the development of a simplified methodology for assessing the seismic vulnerability of vernacular buildings, based on vulnerability index evaluation methods.

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Rammed earth is one of the oldest building materials in the world and is present in the Portugal with a particular focus in the South of the country. The mechanical properties and the structural behaviour of rammed earth constructions have been the subject of study of many researchers in the recent years. This study is part of a broader research on vernacular seismic culture in Portugal. Numerical analyses were carried out on a rammed earth masonry construction representative of the vernacular heritage of Alentejo region. Variations in the geometry, constructive characteristics and material properties were implemented and the main conclusions of the non-linear static and modal analysis are presented. Analysing the damage framework allowed interpreting the weaknesses of this type of constructions and consider the most appropriate reinforcement methodologies.

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This paper presents the numerical seismic analysis of isolated vernacular buildings characteristic of the Alentejo region, which is considered a medium seismic hazard region in Portugal.A representative isolated building was selected from a database, and a geometric model was defined for the numerical pushover analysis. Subsequently, a parametric analysis was carried out to assess the influence of distinct parameters on the seismic behaviour of such buildings.

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Following detailed studies of Portuguese vernacular building typologies, this paper deals with buildings located in historical urban centres. An analysis of the history of the urban centre and, in particular, of some vernacular buildings is enhanced. Additionally, a discussion on the influence of changes of the geometry, and on added built volumes to original buildings in the seismic vulnerability of the buildings is also provided.

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Este artigo propõe uma nova metodologia para Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME), destinada a caracterizar o seu desempenho na gestão da qualidade, destacando pontos fracos e áreas de melhoria. A metodologia visa identificar as principais causas dos problemas de qualidade e ajuda a estabelecer prioridades na definição de iniciativas de melhoria. Trata-se de uma metodologia de diagnóstico fácil de implementar por empresas com baixo nível de maturidade na gestão da qualidade. A metodologia está organizada em seis etapas diferentes que incluem a recolha de informação sobre processos e subprocessos de gestão da qualidade, definidos com base na Trilogia de Juran, e sobre categorias de resultados preestabelecidas. Para aperfeiçoar e validar a metodologia proposta, foram realizados dois casos de estudo. A aplicação da metodologia foi bem sucedida em ambos os casos. Posteriormente, foi elaborado um relatório sobre o estado da qualidade em cada empresa, que inclui a definição de prioridades de eliminação das causas na origem de maus desempenhos. A metodologia pode ser adaptada para melhor se adequar às necessidades de empresas de diferentes setores, quer pela revisão dos seus processos, quer pela integração de novas ferramentas ou pelo aperfeiçoamento das existentes. Devido à sua simplicidade e abrangência, considera-se que a metodologia desenvolvida pode ser aplicada como ferramenta de autodiagnóstico para a melhoria contínua.

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Nesta comunicação apresentamos os três momentos epistemológicos mais pertinentes na história da Biologia no séc. XX. Começamos por enunciar o papel da Embriologia no início daquele século, com teorias vinculadas ao paradigma mecanicista-newtoniano (darwinismo) e ao aristotélico - ptolemaico (criacionismos).Este momento manifesta a passagem de um paradigma a um outro dentro da Biologia, e daí a sua importância.O segundo momento por nós escolhido situa-se inevitavelmente nos anos 60, com o surgimento do DNA. A capacidade, fornecida pela tecnologia, de visualizar o interior da célula criou a necessidade de recorrer à teoria da informação para descrição dos fenómenos observados. Tal marcará para sempre o desenvolvimento da biologia molecular, a sua instauração como teoria predominante, e quase exclusiva, da Biologia contemporânea, enquadrada no paradigma mecanicista newtoniano. O terceiro e último momento por nós salientado vincula-se a uma eventual transição dentro da Biologia, com teorias a emergirem alicerçadas no holismo epistemológico do pretenso paradigma da complexidade. Eventual transição e pretenso paradigma pois na história da ciência precisamos que passem mais uns três decénios para sabermos se as teorias biológicas que nos anos 80 surgiram conotados com o movimento da auto-organização se podem considerar como tendo constituído como novo paradigma; para tal, terá que se tornar o predominante na cultura ocidental, como nos lembra Kuhn. Algumas das teorias biológicas vinculadas a esse eventual paradigma, que caracterizamos, surgiram antes dos anos 80 mas a sua dimensão extremamente minoritária em biologia quase as eclipsaram; sobreviveram curiosamente graças às ciências sociais e humanas, sendo que actualmente possuem um estatuto de legitimidade dentro de alguma linhagem científica em Biologia. Os seus autores principais são G.Bateson, H. Maturana, F. Varela, S. Kauffman e H. Atlan

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High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is an essential cause of cervical carcinoma and is also strongly related to anal cancer development. The hrHPV E6 oncoprotein plays a major role in carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of hrHPV DNA and E6 oncoprotein in the anuses of women with cervical carcinoma. We analyzed 117 women with cervical cancer and 103 controls for hrHPV and the E6 oncogene. Positive test results for a cervical carcinoma included 66.7 % with hrHPV-16 and 7.7 % with hrHPV-18. One case tested positive for both HPV variants (0.9 %). The samples from the anal canal were positive for HPV-16 in 59.8 % of the cases. Simultaneous presence of HPV in the cervix and anal canal was found in 53.8 % of the cases. Regarding expression of E6 RNA, positivity for HPV-16 in the anal canal was found in 21.2 % of the cases, positivity for HPV-16 in the cervix was found in 75.0 %, and positivity for HPV-18 in the cervix was found in 1.9 %. E6 expression in both the cervix and anal canal was found in 19.2 % of the cases. In the controls, 1 % tested positive for HPV-16 and 0 % for HPV-18. Anal samples from the controls showed a hrHPV frequency of 4.9 % (only HPV16). The presence of hrHPV in the anal canal of women with cervical cancer was detected at a high frequency. We also detected E6 RNA expression in the anal canal of women with cervical cancer, suggesting that these women are at risk for anal hrHPV infection.

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Problematizando a noção de cultura e dos seus usos, este texto destrinça entre uma aceção antropológica – “técnica” – de cultura e uma aceção vernacular – “leiga” – e política. Sendo hoje um vocábulo comum à teoria antropológica e à chamada política da identidade, a abordagem contrastiva entre estes dois planos permite também delinear com mais clareza os respetivos contornos e reconhecer melhor as duas faces da cultura, mesmo que hoje façam parte do mesmo rosto

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Dissertação de mestrado em Plant Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioentrepreneurship

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Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the third most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is associated with persistent infection by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The combination of large populations of viral progeny and decades of sustained infection may allow for the generation of intra-patient diversity, in spite of the assumedly low mutation rates of PVs. While the natural history of chronic HPVs infections has been comprehensively described, within-host viral diversity remains largely unexplored. In this study we have applied next generation sequencing to the analysis of intra-host genetic diversity in ten ICC and one condyloma cases associated to single HPV16 infection. We retrieved from all cases near full-length genomic sequences. All samples analyzed contained polymorphic sites, ranging from 3 to 125 polymorphic positions per genome, and the median probability of a viral genome picked at random to be identical to the consensus sequence in the lesion was only 40%. We have also identified two independent putative duplication events in two samples, spanning the L2 and the L1 gene, respectively. Finally, we have identified with good support a chimera of human and viral DNA. We propose that viral diversity generated during HPVs chronic infection may be fueled by innate and adaptive immune pressures. Further research will be needed to understand the dynamics of viral DNA variability, differentially in benign and malignant lesions, as well as in tissues with differential intensity of immune surveillance. Finally, the impact of intralesion viral diversity on the long-term oncogenic potential may deserve closer attention.

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BACKGROUND: The Cervical Cancer Database of the Brazilian National Health Service (SISCOLO) contains information regarding all cervical cytological tests and, if properly explored, can be used as a tool for monitoring and managing the cervical cancer screening program. The aim of this study was to perform a historical analysis of the cervical cancer screening program in Brazil from 2006 to 2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data necessary to calculate quality indicators were obtained from the SISCOLO, a Brazilian health system tool. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change. RESULTS: We observed important trends showing decreased rates of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and an increased rate of rejected exams from 2009 to 2013. The index of positivity was maintained at levels below those indicated by international standards; very low frequencies of unsatisfactory cases were observed over the study period, which partially contradicts the low rate of positive cases. The number of positive cytological diagnoses was below that expected, considering that developed countries with low frequencies of cervical cancer detect more lesions annually. CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of indicators from 2006 to 2013 suggests that actions must be taken to improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer control in Brazil.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Informática Médica)