Effect Of Administration Of Luteinizing-Hormone (Lh) And Deprivation Of Lh On The Proteins Of Smooth Endoplasmic-Reticulum Of Immature And Adult-Rat Leydig-Cells

Analysis of proteins of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of Leydig cells from immature and admit rats by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of several new proteins in the adult rats. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to immature rats for ten days also resulted in a significant increase as well as the appearance of several new proteins. The general pattern of SDS-PAGE analysis of the SER proteins of Leydig cells resembled that of the adult rat. SDS-PAGE analysis of the SER proteins of Leydig cells from adult rats following deprivation of endogenous luteinizing hormone by administration of antiserum to ovine luteinizing hormone resulted in a pattern which to certain extent resembled that of an immature I at. Western Blot analysis of luteinizing hormone antiserum treated rat Leydig cell proteins revealed a decrease in the 17-alpha-hydroxylase compared to the control. These results provide biochemical evidence for the suggestion that one of the main functions of luteinizing hormone is the control of biogenesis and/or turnover SER of Leydig cells in the rat.

Influence of clofibrate administration on the rate of synthesis of macromolecules in regenerating rat liver

Administration of the antihypercholesterolaemic drug clofibrate stimulates the rates of synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in rat liver. The biosynthesis of mitochondrial proteins also is enhanced by the drug. In drug-fed animals, the rates of incorporation in vivo of radioactive precursors into DNA, RNA and proteins are stimulated even when the liver undergoes regeneration following partial hepatectomy. The rate of synthesis of mitochondrial proteins in the regenerative phase is higher in clofibrate-fed animals. These effects are consistent with the hepatomegalic and mitochondria-proliferating property of the drug.

Metabolism of 1,8-Cineole in Rat: Its Effects on Liver and Lung Microsomal Cytochrome P-450 Systems

The monoterpene cyclic ether, cineole (l,8-cineole, I) also known as eucalyptol, is a component of many essential oils and is widely distributed in nature. It is extensively used in pharmaceutical preparations for external application and also as a nasal spray. It was reported earlier that cineole when administered to sheep may be largely oxidized in the system (Scheline 1978). However the mode of metabolism of cineole is not known. Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the metabolic fate of this ubiquitous terpenoid following its administration to rats by gastric intubation.

Influence of starvation and clofibrate administration on oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria

Whole cells, homogenates and mitochondrial obtained from the livers of albino rats which were starved for 6 days or more showed a 50% decrease in oxidative activity. The decrease could be corrected by the addition of cytochrome c in vitro. The phosphorylative activity of mitochondria remained unaffected. The decrease in oxidative rate was not observed when starving animals were given the anti-hypercholesterolaemic drug clofibrate. The total cellular concentration of cytochrome c was not affected by starvation. However, the concentration of the pigment in hepatic mitochondria isolated from starving animals was less than half that in normal mitochondria. Clofibrate-treated animals did not show a decreased concentration of cytochrome c in hepatic mitochondria. Mitochondria isolated from starving animals, though deficient in cytochrome c, did not show any decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity or in the rate of substrate-dependent reduction of potassium ferricyanide or attendant phosphorylation. In coupled mitochondria, ferricyanide may not accept electrons from the cytochrome c in the respiratory chain. Starvation decreases the concentration of high-affinity binding sites for cytochrome c on the mitochondrial membrane. The dissociation constant increases in magnitude.

Functional changes in rat liver mitochondria on administration of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene

Administration of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminobenzene in the diet (0.1%, w/w) for 85-90 days doubled the content of mitochondria in the livers of rats. The azodye was covalently bound to liver proteins, and about 15% of the amount found in liver was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of azodye-fed animals showed drastically lowered ability to oxidize NAD+-linked substrates. The inhibited electron-transfer step was the reduction of ubiquinone. The organelles showed a large increase in succinate oxidase activity. The activity of cytochrome oxidase and the content of cytochrome aa3 were substantially higher in these organelles. Azodye-fed animals showed depressed serum cholesterol concentrations. The content of ubiquinone in liver also registered a small increase.

Effect of administration of clofibrate and clofenapate on kidney mitochondria of the rat

Abstract is not available.

Stimulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase on administration of ATP

The depressed activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in starved or cholesterol fed rats was stimulated on intraperitoneally administering small quantities of ATP.

Redistribution of subcellular calcium in rat liver on administration of vanadate

Mitochondria isolated from the livers of rats administered with sodium meta-, ortho-, or polyvanadate, but not vanadyl sulphate, exhibited enhanced Ca2+ — stimulated respiration and uptake of calcium. These effects were shown also by mitochondria isolated from livers perfused with polyvanadate. The concentration of acid-soluble calcium decreased significantly in the mitochondrial fraction on vanadate treatment, while that in the cytosol showed a corresponding increase. Phenoxybenzamine, an antagonist to a-adrenergic receptors, effectively inhibited vanadate-induced Ca2+ mobilization, but surgical sympathectomy was without effect. This is the first demonstration of vanadate mimicking agr-adrenergic agonists in vivo.

Increase in alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and other oxidoreductase activities of hepatic mitochondria on administration of vanadate to the rat

Liver mitochondria isolated from vanadate-administered rats showed increased (20-25%) rates of oxidation of both NAD(+)-linked substrates and succinate. Respiratory control index and ADP/O were unaffected by the treatment. Dormant and uncoupler-stimulated ATPase activity also was not affected by vanadate administration. Membrane-bound, electron-transport-linked dehydrogenase activities (both NAD(+)- and succinate-dependent) increased by 15-20% on vanadate treatment. Mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity increased by 50% on vanadate administration. The above effects of vanadate on oxidoreductase activities could be prevented by the prior administration of antagonists to alpha-adrenergic receptors. Substrate-dependent H2O2 generation by mitochondria also showed an increase on vanadate administration.

Effect of chronic administration of Tamoxifen on fertility in male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata)

Administration of Tamoxifen via the Alzet pump at a rate of 50 mu g hr(-1) for 90 days in the adult male bonnet monkeys Macaca radiata had no effect on the serum testosterone concentration determined at 10 AM and 10 PM as well as total sperm count determined at 15-day intervals over a period of 260 days. However, a significant reduction in sperm motility was observed beyond 90 days up until the 225th day. Breeding studies conducted from day 90 to 260 revealed that these males were infertile.

Polyvinylidene fluoride film based nasal sensor to monitor human respiration pattern: An initial clinical study

Design and development of a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin film based nasal sensor to monitor human respiration pattern (RP) from each nostril simultaneously is presented in this paper. Thin film based PVDF nasal sensor is designed in a cantilever beam configuration. Two cantilevers are mounted on a spectacle frame in such a way that the air flow from each nostril impinges on this sensor causing bending of the cantilever beams. Voltage signal produced due to air flow induced dynamic piezoelectric effect produce a respective RP. A group of 23 healthy awake human subjects are studied. The RP in terms of respiratory rate (RR) and Respiratory air-flow changes/alterations obtained from the developed PVDF nasal sensor are compared with RP obtained from respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) device. The mean RR of the developed nasal sensor (19.65 +/- A 4.1) and the RIP (19.57 +/- A 4.1) are found to be almost same (difference not significant, p > 0.05) with the correlation coefficient 0.96, p < 0.0001. It was observed that any change/alterations in the pattern of RIP is followed by same amount of change/alterations in the pattern of PVDF nasal sensor with k = 0.815 indicating strong agreement between the PVDF nasal sensor and RIP respiratory air-flow pattern. The developed sensor is simple in design, non-invasive, patient friendly and hence shows promising routine clinical usage. The preliminary result shows that this new method can have various applications in respiratory monitoring and diagnosis.

Evaluation of polyvinylidene fluoride nasal sensor to assess deviated nasal septum in comparision with peak nasal inspiratory flow measurements

Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is one of the major causes of nasal obstruction. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nasal sensor is the new technique developed to assess the nasal obstruction caused by DNS. This study evaluates the PVDF nasal sensor measurements in comparison with PEAK nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements and visual analog scale (VAS) of nasal obstruction. Methods: Because of piezoelectric property, two PVDF nasal sensors provide output voltage signals corresponding to the right and left nostril when they are subjected to nasal airflow. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the voltage signal corresponding to nasal airflow was analyzed to assess the nasal obstruction. PVDF nasal sensor and PNIF were performed on 30 healthy subjects and 30 DNS patients. Receiver operating characteristic was used to analyze the DNS of these two methods. Results: Measurements of PVDF nasal sensor strongly correlated with findings of PNIF (r = 0.67; p < 0.01) in DNS patients. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between PVDF nasal sensor measurements and PNIF measurements of the DNS and the control group. A cutoff between normal and pathological of 0.51 Vp-p for PVDF nasal sensor and 120 L/min for PNIF was calculated. No significant difference in terms of sensitivity of PVDF nasal sensor and PNIF (89.7% versus 82.6%) and specificity (80.5% versus 78.8%) was calculated. Conclusion: The result shows that PVDF measurements closely agree with PNIF findings. Developed PVDF nasal sensor is an objective method that is simple, inexpensive, fast, and portable for determining DNS in clinical practice.

Packaging of Polyvinylidene fluoride nasal sensor for biomedical applications

This paper presents the design technique that has been adopted for packaging of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nasal sensor for biomedical applications. The PVDF film with the dimension of length 10mm, width 5mm and thickness 28 mu m was firmly adhered on one end of plastic base (8mmx5mmx30 mu m) in such a way that it forms a cantilever configuration leaving the other end free for deflection. Now with the leads attached on the surface of the PVDF film, the cantilever configuration becomes the PVDF nasal sensor. For mounting a PVDF nasal sensor, a special headphone was designed, that can fit most of the human head sizes. Two flexible strings are soldered on either side of the headphone. Two identical PVDF nasal sensors were then connected to either side of flexible string of the headphone in such a way that they are placed below the right and left nostrils respectively without disturbing the normal breathing. When a subject wares headphone along with PVDF nasal sensors, two voltage signals due to the piezoelectric property of the PVDF film were generated corresponding to his/her nasal airflow from right and left nostril. The entire design was made compact, so that PVDF nasal sensors along with headphone can be made portable. No special equipment or machines are needed for mounting the PVDF nasal sensors. The time required for packaging of PVDF nasal sensors was less and the approximate cost of the entire assembly (PVDF nasal sensors + headphone) was very nominal.

Validation of polyvinylidene fluoride nasal sensor to assess nasal obstruction in comparison with subjective technique

Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the applicability of the PolyVinyliDene Fluoride (PVDF) nasal sensor to assess the nasal airflow, in healthy subjects and patients with nasal obstruction and to correlate the results with the score of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Methods: PVDF nasal sensor and VAS measurements were carried out in 50 subjects (25-healthy subjects and 25 patients). The VAS score of nasal obstruction and peak-to-peak amplitude (Vp-p) of nasal cycle measured by PVDF nasal sensors were analyzed for right nostril (RN) and left nostril (LN) in both the groups. Spearman's rho correlation was calculated. The relationship between PVDF nasal sensor measurements and severity of nasal obstruction (VAS score) were assessed by ANOVA. Results: In healthy group, the measurement of nasal airflow by PVDF nasal sensor for RN and LN were found to be 51.14 +/- 5.87% and 48.85 +/- 5.87%, respectively. In patient group, PVDF nasal sensor indicated lesser nasal airflow in the blocked nostrils (RN: 23.33 +/- 10.54% and LN: 32.24 +/- 11.54%). Moderate correlation was observed in healthy group (r = 0.710, p < 0.001 for RN and r = 0.651, p < 0.001 for LN), and moderate to strong correlation in patient group (r = 0.751, p < 0.01 for RN and r = 0.885, p < 0.0001 for LN). Conclusion: PVDF nasal sensor method is a newly developed technique for measuring the nasal airflow. Moderate to strong correlation was observed between PVDF nasal sensor data and VAS scores for nasal obstruction. In our present study, PVDF nasal sensor technique successfully differentiated between healthy subjects and patients with nasal obstruction. Additionally, it can also assess severity of nasal obstruction in comparison with VAS. Thus, we propose that the PVDF nasal sensor technique could be used as a new diagnostic method to evaluate nasal obstruction in routine clinical practice. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.