Two-Fermi liquid model for high Tc superconductivity involving suppression of tunnelling by decoherence

We consider a model system of two interacting Fermi-liquids, one of which is light and the other much heavier. In the normal state the lighter component provides a quantum mechanical bath coupled 'ohmically' to the heavier component in the sense of Caldeira and Leggett, suppressing thereby the band (tunnelling) matrix elements of the heavier component. Thus we lose the energy of delocalization. On the other hand, a superconducting ordering stiffens the bath spectral function at low energies and so restores the tunnelling. The resulting regain of the delocalization energy bootstraps so as to stabilize the superconducting order that caused it. It is conceivable that the motions parallel to the easy ab-plane and along the hard c-axis may also effectively correspond to the light and the heavy Fermi-liquids, respectively.

Epitaxial metallic LaNiO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Epitaxial LaNiO3(LNO) thin films on LaAlO3(LAO), SrTiO3(STO), and YSZ are grown by pulsed laser deposition method at 350 mTorr oxygen partial pressure and 700 °C substrate temperature. As‐deposited LNO films are metallic down to 10 K. c‐axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films were grown on LNO/LAO as well as LNO/STO surfaces without affecting superconducting transition temperature of YBCO. Textured LNO thin films were grown on c‐axis oriented YBCO/STO and YBCO/YSZ . Transport measurements of these bilayer films showed that LNO is a good metallic contact material for YBCO.

Magnetoresistance of FexNi80-xCr20 (50

The authors have measured longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistance (MR) of crystalline pseudo-binary alloys FexNi80-xCr20 (50magnetic phases because the alloys have compositions close to the critical composition regime for ferromagnetism. While the Fe-Ni-Cr alloys have a FCC gamma -phase, the binary Fe-Cr alloy has a BCC alpha -phase. This gives an opportunity to compare magnetoresistances for gamma -phase and alpha -phase Fe alloys when they lie close to the critical composition. The experiments were conducted at 4.2 K with magnetic fields up to 7 T. The authors observed that all the alloys show negative magnetoresistance at 4.2 K in fields up to 7 T. However, for the gamma -phase alloys the typical maximum MR ( Delta rho / rho ) is about 1%, while for the alpha -phase alloy it is 10%. In the gamma -phase alloys there is a small but finite anisotropy of MR in the phases with long-range magnetic order which gradually vanishes near the critical region (x=xc approximately=59-63) when it becomes a spin glass. In the range x approximately=xc, Delta rho / rho varies as Mn (M=magnetization) with n approximately=2.

Plasma diagnostics of the high pressure oxygen-sputtering process

The characteristics of the high pressure oxygen-sputtering plasma in the pressure range 0.8–2.4 mbar have been studied using the Langmuir probe technique. The variation in plasma parameters such as positive ion density, electron density, mean electron energy and floating potential with pressure and temperature has been investigated. It has been observed that the positive ion density increases at high substrate temperatures whereas the negative ion density decreases. The study of the variation in mean electron energy and floating potential also indicated the possibility that the number of negative ions is less when the substrates are at elevated temperatures. Since the negative ions are supposed to cause re-sputtering and make the films off-stoichiometric, the reduction in the negative ion density as observed at elevated substrate temperatures is better suited for depositing stoichiometric YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconducting thin films.

Structure and properties of Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr2Gd2−xCexCu2O9−δ

A systematic study of the Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr2Gd2−xCexCu2O9−δ system has revealed the existence of a pure phase in the compositional. range 0.0≤x≤0.6 crystalizzing in the 1222 structure. It has an intersheet distance of approximately 6 Å, a value much higher than those found in other cuprates with double CuO2 sheets interleaved by a single fluorite layer. Superconductivity has been observed in the range 0.1≤x≤0.4 with a Tc of 45 K and a superconductive volume fraction up to 20% for the optimal composition. An interesting variation of the superconducting properties of the above system with the composition, i.e. cerium content, has also been noticed. A possible dependence of superconductivity on the coupling between CuO2 sheets in the layered cuprates has been pointed out to bring out a correlation between structure and properties.

Evidence for decoupled two-dimensional vortex behavior of YBa2Cu3O7-delta in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 trilayer

We investigate the vortex behavior of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films sandwiched between two ferromagnetic layers (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3). The magnetization study on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 trilayers conspicuously shows the presence of both ferromagnetic and diamagnetic phases. The magnetotransport study on the trilayers reveals a significant reduction in the activation energy (U) for the vortex motion in YBa2Cu3O7-delta. Besides, the ``U'' exhibits a logarithmic dependence on the applied magnetic field which directly indicates the existence of decoupled two-dimensional (2D) pancake vortices present in the CuO2 layers. The evidence of 2D decoupled vortex behavior in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is believed to arise from (a) the weakening of superconducting coherence length along the c-axis and (b) enhanced intraplane vortex-vortex interaction due to the presence of ferromagnetic layers. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi: 10.1063/1.3524545]

Superconductivity in rapidly quenched metallic systems with nanoscale structure

Nanocomposites of Al?In, Al?Pb, and Zn?Pb have been prepared and characterized using rapid quenching techniques and the nature of superconducting transitions in them has been studied by resistivity measurements. The precipitated second phases (In and Pb) have particle sizes (d) of a few tens of nanometers such that ?0?d?dmin, where ?0 is the superconducting zero temperature coherence length and dmin is the minimum particle size that supports superconductivity. The onset of superconductivity generally starts in samples with d??0 and progressively other grains with d??0 become superconducting. We suggest that the proximity effect of the matrix plays a significant role. In an Al?In system, even with 40?wt.% In, the zero resistivity state is obtained at T?1.33 times the Tc of Al. But in Al?Pb and Zn?Pb, the zero resistivity state is obtained at T?4 and 5 times the Tc of Al and Zn with only 10�15 wt?% Pb, respectively.

Phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau-like theory for superconductivity in the cuprates

We propose and develop here a phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau-like theory of cuprate high-temperature superconductivity. The free energy of a cuprate superconductor is expressed as a functional F of the complex spin-singlet pair amplitude psi(ij) equivalent to psi(m) = Delta(m) exp(i phi(m)), where i and j are nearest-neighbor sites of the square planar Cu lattice in which the superconductivity is believed to primarily reside, and m labels the site located at the center of the bond between i and j. The system is modeled as a weakly coupled stack of such planes. We hypothesize a simple form FDelta, phi] = Sigma(m)A Delta(2)(m) + (B/2)Delta(4)(m)] + C Sigma(< mn >) Delta(m) Delta(n) cos(phi(m) - phi(n)) for the functional, where m and n are nearest-neighbor sites on the bond-center lattice. This form is analogous to the original continuum Ginzburg-Landau free-energy functional; the coefficients A, B, and C are determined from comparison with experiments. A combination of analytic approximations, numerical minimization, and Monte Carlo simulations is used to work out a number of consequences of the proposed functional for specific choices of A, B, and C as functions of hole density x and temperature T. There can be a rapid crossover of from small to large values as A changes sign from positive to negative on lowering T; this crossover temperature T-ms(x) is identified with the observed pseudogap temperature T*(x). The thermodynamic superconducting phase-coherence transition occurs at a lower temperature T-c(x), and describes superconductivity with d-wave symmetry for positive C. The calculated T-c(x) curve has the observed parabolic shape. The results for the superfluid density rho(s)(x, T), the local gap magnitude , the specific heat C-v(x, T) (with and without a magnetic field), as well as vortex properties, all obtained using the proposed functional, are compared successfully with experiments. We also obtain the electron spectral density as influenced by the coupling between the electrons and the correlation function of the pair amplitude calculated from the functional, and compare the results successfully with the electronic spectrum measured through angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). For the specific heat, vortex structure, and electron spectral density, only some of the final results are reported here; the details are presented in subsequent papers.

Fluorination of La2NiO4 and La2CuO4+?

We have carried out fluorination on La2NiO4 and La2CuO4+?. Only a small fraction of fluorine enters the bulk; the rest resides on the surface. The cuprate after fluorination exhibits greater departures from tetragonal symmetry than the parent material and transforms at not, vert, similar40 K to the superconducting state. By contrast, the nickelate deviates less from tetragonal symmetry upon fluorination; no superconductivity was observed down to 4.2 K.

A New Era for Chemical Superconductors

A review of the development of ceramic superconductors and the steady increase in the superconducting transition temperature which currently stands at 135 K or about 164 K under pressure.

Electro-magnetically Actuated Minute Polymer Pump Fabricated using Packaging Technology

Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of a flat pump with millimetre thickness are described in this paper. The pump is entirely made of polymer materials barring the magnet and copper coils used for electromagnetic actuation. The fabrication is carried out using widely available microelectronic packaging machinery and techniques. Therefore, the fabrication of the pump is straightforward and inexpensive. Two types of prototypes are designed and built. One consists of copper coils that are etched on an epoxy plate and the other has wound insulated wire of 90 mu m diameter to serve as a coil. The overall size of the first pump is 25 mm x 25 mm x 3.6 mm including the 3.1 mm-thick NdFeB magnet of diameter 12 mm. It consists of a pump chamber of 20 mm x 20 mm x 0.8 mm with copper coils etched from a copper-clad epoxy plate using dry-film lithography and milled using a CNC milling machine, two passive valves and the pump-diaphragm made of Kapton film of 0.089 mm thickness. The second pump has an overall size of 35 mm x 35 mm x 4.4 mm including the magnet and the windings. A breadboard circuit and DC power supply are used to test the pump by applying an alternating square-wave voltage pulse. A water slug in a tube attached to the inlet is used to observe and measure the air-flow induced by the pump against atmospheric pressure. The maximum flow rate was found to be 15 ml/min for a voltage of 2.5 V and a current of 19 mA at 68 Hz.

Growth and characterization of laser-deposited Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films on bare sapphire

Microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films grown in situ on bare sapphire by pulsed laser deposition using YBa2Cu3O7-x targets doped with 7 and 10 wt% Ag have been studied. Ag-doped films grown at 730 degrees C on sapphire have shown very significant improvement over the undoped YBa2Cu3O7-x films grown under identical condition. A zero resistance temperature of 90 K and a critical current density of 1.2 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K have been achieved on bare sapphire for the first time. Improved connectivity among grains and reduced reaction rate between the substrate and the film caused due to Ag in the film are suggested to be responsible for this greatly improved transport properties.

Synthesis of Cuprates of Perovskite Structure in the Ba-Pb-Cu-O, Ba-Bi-Cu-O, and Ba-Pb-Tl-Cu-O Systems: Possible High Tc Superconductivity in a Perovskite-like Phase in the Ba-Pb-Tl-Cu-O System

Cubic cuprates (a not, vert, similar 18.6 Å) with a BaCuO2-type structure were obtained in the Ba-Pb-Cu-O and Ba-Bi-Cu-O systems by the reaction of the component oxides at a high temperature (1370-1420 K), followed by quenching. By annealing these phases in oxygen at 1070-1120 K, perovskite-like phase (a not, vert, similar 4.3 Å) of the formulae BaPb1-xCuxO3-y and BaBi1-xCuxO3-y (0 < x ? 0.5) were obtained. A perovskite of nominal composition BaPb0.25Tl0.25 Cu0.5O3-y, prepared by a similar procedure, was found to be superconducting with a Tc of not, vert, similar 70 K.

Third harmonic generation through shaped superconductors

This paper describes a methodology of obtaining only third harmonic along with the fundamental using shaped superconductors. It also indicates how one can design a nonlinear superconducting resistor with the required current versus resistance variation.

Preparation, Characterization And Properties Of C-60 And C-70 - Spectroscopy, Structure, Anions, Interaction With Electron-Donors And Superconductivity

Preparation and characterization of the fullerenes, C60 and C70, are described in detail, including the design of the generators fabricated locally. The characterization techniques employed are UV-visible, IR, Raman and C-13 NMR spectroscopies, scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. The electron energy level diagram of C60 as well as the one-electron reductions of C60 and C70 leading to various anions are discussed. Electronic absorption spectra of C60- and C60(2-) are reported. Phase transitions from the plastic to the crystalline states of C60 and C70 are examined. Based on a C-13 NMR study in a mixture of nematic liquid crystals, it has been demonstrated that C60 retains its extraordinary symmetry in solution phase as well. Interaction of C60 and C70 with strong electron-donor molecules has been investigated employing cyclic voltammetry. Superconductivity of K(x)C60 has been studied by non-resonant microwave absorption; Na(x)C60 as well as K(c)C70 are shown to be non-superconducting. Doping C60 with iodine does not make it superconducting. Interaction of C60 with SbCl5 and liquid Br2 gives rise to halogenated products.