Metabolism of structurally modified acyclic monoterpenes by Pseudomonas incognita

The ability of Pseudomonas incognita to metabolize some structurally modified acyclic monoterpenes was tested. The 6,7 double bond was found essential for these compounds to serve as a substrate for this organism, whereas the same was not true with the 1,2 double bond. Metabolism of dihydrolinalyl acetate by this strain yielded dihydrolinalool, dihydrolinalool-8-carboxylic acid, dihydrolinalyl acetate-8-carboxylic acid, and 4-acetoxy-4-methyl hexanoic acid. A cell-free extract prepared from dihydrolinalyl acetate grown cells transformed dihydrolinalyl acetate into dihydrolinalool and dihydrolinalool-8-carboxylic acid. Based on the identification of various metabolites isolated from the culture medium, and on growth and manometric studies carried out with the isolated metabolites as well as with related synthetic analogs, probable pathways for the biodegradation of dihydrolinalyl acetate are presented.

2-O-methyl-1-methyl adenosine: A new modified nucleoside in ragi (eleusine coracana ) tRNA

A new modified nucleoside 2-²-O-methyl-l-methyl adenosine has been found to be present in the tRNA of (eleusine coracana ) (ragi) seedlings. The sequence of the dinucleotide of which this modified nucleoside is a part suggests its presence in phenylalanine-tRNA. The structural implications of the presence of this new modification are discussed.

Modified Lu-Lee cryptosystem

A modified Lu-Lee cryptosystem is proposed which appears to be resistant to the cryptanalytic attacks on the original Lu-Lee scheme. The data expansion due to encryption is moderate, and the size of the public key is also quite small.

Properties of the gold related acceptor level in silicon

The apparent thermal activation energy of 0.56 eV and the electron thermal capture cross section of 2.0 × 10-16 cm2 are measured for the gold related acceptor level in p+ nn+ silicon diodes by isothermal current transient and DLTS techniques. Using the emission and capture rate data and a degeneracy ratio of 2, the energy separation of the trap level from the conduction band is calculated and found to have the same temperature dependence as the band gap indicating that the acceptor level is pinned with respect to the valence band a t Ev + 0.637 eV.

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of modified hyaluronic acid/chitosan based on hydrogen bonding

The fabrication of hydrogen bonded polymer self-assembly for drug delivery has been accomplished via layer-by-layer sequential assembly from aqueous solution. In this study, the self-assembly was constructed based on hydrogen bonding between DNA base (adenine and thymine) pairs substituted on the backbone of chitosan and hyaluronic acid. Chitosan was modified with adenine, whereas hyaluronic acid was modified with thymine. Subsequently, these two polymers were sequentially absorbed on flat substrate by taking advantage of interactions of DNA base pairs via hydrogen bonding. Interlayer hydrogen bonding of these two polymers produces stable multilayer film without using any cross-linking agent. Thin film formation on quartz substrate has been monitored with UV-vis spectra and an AFM study. Formation of multilayer hydrogen-bonded thin film has been further confirmed with SEM. Encapsulation and release behavior of the therapeutic drug from the multilayer thin film at different conditions has been illustrated using UV-vis spectra. Cell viability of modified polymers using MTT assay confirmed no cytotoxic effect.

Modified design procedure for a sparger reactor sequence

In an earlier communication[l] we have indicated a general graphical design procedure for a sequence of sparger reactors in which a second order liquid phase reaction proceeds in a stagewise fashion. The prediction of the reactant concentration in each stage and hence the conversion depended on a search procedure initiated along a straight line representing the mass balance equation at the given stage and drawn from the known feed stage located on the abscissa in a E-IU diagram for the given system.

A Modified Dubins Method for Optimal Path Planning of a Miniature Air Vehicle Converging to a Straight Line Path

This paper presents a Dubins model based strategy to determine the optimal path of a Miniature Air Vehicle (MAV), constrained by a bounded turning rate, that would enable it to fly along a given straight line, starting from an arbitrary initial position and orientation. The method is then extended to meet the same objective in the presence of wind which has a magnitude comparable to the speed of the MAV. We use a modification of the Dubins' path method to obtain the complete optimal solution to this problem in all its generality.

Modified ILMI algorithm for practical PID/PD implementation on a Micro Air Vehicle

This paper extends the iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm (ILMI) for systems having non-ideal PI, PD and PID implementations. The new algorithm uses the practical implementation of the feedback blocksto form the equivalent static output feedback plant. The LMI based synthesis techniques are used in the algorithm to design a multi-loop, multi-objective fixed structure control. The benefits of such a control design technique are brought out by applying it to the lateral stabilizing and tracking feedback control problem of a 30cm wingspan micro air vehicle.

Analysis of vibration of clamped square plates by the Rayleigh-Ritz method with asymptotic solutions from a modified Bolotin method

Estimates of flexural frequencies of clamped square plates are initially obtained by the modified Bolotin's method. The mode shapes in “each direction” are then determined and the product functions of these mode shapes are used as admissible functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The data for the first twenty eigenvalues in each of the three (four) symmetric groups obtained by the (i) Bolotin, (ii) Rayleigh and (iii) Rayleigh-Ritz methods are reported here. The Rayleigh estimates are found to be much closer to the true eigenvalues than the Bolotin estimates. The present product functions are found to be much superior to the conventional beam eigenmodes as admissible functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method of analysis.

Flexural Strength of Modified Square Footings

The ultimate flexural strength behavior of isolated square tapered and beam-slab reinforced footings are presented. Yield line solutions are developed for generalized contact pressure distributions and the influence of taper, beam size, fillet size, negative moment capacity, and contact pressure distribution on the collapse load is brought out. In beam-slab footings the optimum relative beam capacity required to make the beam rigid is indicated. Results of experimental investigations on footings resting on sand reveal that tapered (with isotropic as well as with alternative reinforcement patterns) and beam-slab footings exhibit superior structural behavior in terms of normalized first crack load, collapse load, relative rigidity, relative efficiency, and failure mechanism.

On the computation of two-dimensional compressible flow fields by the modified local stability scheme

The modified local stability scheme is applied to several two-dimensional problems—blunt body flow, regular reflection of a shock and lambda shock. The resolution of the flow features obtained by the modified local stability scheme is found to be better than that achieved by the other first order schemes and almost identical to that achieved by the second order schemes incorporating artificial viscosity. The scheme is easy for coding, consumes moderate amount of computer storage and time. The scheme can be advantageously used in place of second order schemes.

Light- and cytokinin-induced changes in the levels of leucine and tyrosine isoaccepting tRNA species and modified nucleotide contents of total tRNA in cucumber seedlings

We have determined relative levels of chloroplast leucine and tyrosine isoaccepting tRNAs and modified nucleotide contents from total tRNAs isolated from dark-grown, light-grown, N6-isopentenyladenine (i6A)-treated dark-grown and i6A-treated light-grown cucumber seedlings. Significant increases in the relative amounts of tRNA(Leu)2 and tRNA(Leu)3 were observed in the i6A-treated dark-grown seedlings compared to dark-grown, light-grown and i6A-treated light-grown seedlings. On the other hand, i6A-treated light-grown seedlings tRNA(Tyr)1 increased to 85% of total tRNAs(Tyr) from about 9% in light-grown seedlings and tRNA(Tyr)2 decreased to 15% compared with 91% in light-grown seedlings. Analysis of modified nucleotide of total tRNAs indicated that pT, pI, pm1A, pm5C, pGm, pm1G, pm2G and pm7G contents were significantly higher in the total tRNA of i6A-treated dark-grown seedlings than those from untreated dark-grown seedlings. Illumination of 8-day-old dark-grown seedlings for 12 h increased the contents of pT, pI, pGm and pm1G when compared to 8-day-old dark-grown seedlings with extended growth for 12 h in dark. On the contrary, i6A had no stimulatory effect in the contents of modified nucleotide in the light-grown seedlings.

Modified Proportional V-Notch Weirs

Seven different shaped modified proportional V-notches were designed and pertinent data for their use are given in tables 1 - 4. It is shown that the indication accuracies of these weirs are more than that of the conventional V-notch. For five of the designed weirs the indication accuracies are more than that of the conventional rectangular weir at lower heads of flow. All these proportional weirs, except the parabolic based weir, have added advantages over the V-notch in regard to fixing and finding the crest level. Experiments with five weirs (four symmetrical and one unsymmetrical) having rectangular bases and one (symmetrical) with a parabolic base show very good agreement with the theory and give consistent values for the coefficient of discharge, Cd, varying between 0.588 and 0.605, within the ranges of the experiments.

Phthalocyanine macrocycle as stabilizer for gold and silver nanoparticles

A one-step process was used for the preparation of gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized by an aminophthalocyanine macrocycle. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by absorption spectra, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles were found to possess relatively narrow size distribution. The gold nanoparticles have an average diameter of similar to 2 nm, while silver particles have 4-5 nm. Preliminary studies on fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy were carried out using these nanoparticles. Fluorescence studies indicate that gold nanoparticles do not quench the fluorescence, while silver nanoparticles do. The stabilized nanoparticles showed enhancement of the Raman signals, thus revealing that they are good substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering studies.

Tendency to promote ferroelectric distortion in Pr-modified PbTiO3

Structural, microstructural, and dielectric studies have been carried out on Pr-modified PbTiO3. A comparative analysis with La-modified PbTiO3 suggests that for chemical modification by same amount, the Pr-modified system has larger tetragonal strain and Curie point. No clear feature of relaxor ferroelectric state is observed for Pr concentration as high as x=0.35, suggesting that Pr modification is less effective, as compared to La-modification, in inducing a relaxor ferroelectric state. Results suggest that inspite of increased chemical disorder, Pr modification partly tends to restore the ferroelectric distortion of the lattice through partial occupancy of the Pr4+ ions on the Ti4+ sites.