Gauge theory of a group of diffeomorphisms. I. General principles

Any (N+M)-parameter Lie group G with an N-parameter subgroup H can be realized as a global group of diffeomorphisms on an M-dimensional base space B, with representations in terms of transformation laws of fields on B belonging to linear representations of H. The gauged generalization of the global diffeomorphisms consists of general diffeomorphisms (or coordinate transformations) on a base space together with a local action of H on the fields. The particular applications of the scheme to space-time symmetries is discussed in terms of Lagrangians, field equations, currents, and source identities. Journal of Mathematical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.

Beta-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase I/II from Plasmodium falciparum (PfFabB/F)-Is it B or F?

Condensing enzymes play an important and decisive role in terms of fatty acid composition of any organism. They can be classified as condensing enzymes involved in initiating the cycle and enzymes involved in elongating the initiated fatty acyl chain. In E. coli, two isoforms for the elongation condensing enzymes (FabB and FabF) exists whereas Plasmodium genome contains only one isoform. By in vitro complementation studies in E. coli CY244 cells, we show that PfFabB/ functions like E. coli FabF as the growth of the mutant cells could rescued only in the presence of oleic acid. But unlike bacterial enzyme, PfFabB/F does not increase the cis-vaccenic acid content in the mutant cells upon lowering the growth temperature. This study thus highlights the distinct properties of P. falciparum FabF which sets it apart from E. coli and most other enzymes of this family, described so far.

Fluctuation phenomena in electrochemistry part I. The formalism

A unified approach to the problem of electrochemical fluctuations is presented. On the basis of the Langevin procedure, primary noise sources are introduced in the basic phenomenological equations and a discussion of the secondary noise sources arising in the expressions for the power spectra of currents is given.

Representations and properties of para-Bose oscillator operators. I. Energy position and momentum eigenstates

Para-Bose commutation relations are related to the SL(2,R) Lie algebra. The irreducible representation [script D]alpha of the para-Bose system is obtained as the direct sum Dbeta[direct-sum]Dbeta+1/2 of the representations of the SL(2,R) Lie algebra. The position and momentum eigenstates are then obtained in this representation [script D]alpha, using the matrix mechanical method. The orthogonality, completeness, and the overlap of these eigenstates are derived. The momentum eigenstates are also derived using the wave mechanical method by specifying the domain of the definition of the momentum operator in addition to giving it a formal differential expression. By a careful consideration in this manner we find that the two apparently different solutions obtained by Ohnuki and Kamefuchi in this context are actually unitarily equivalent. Journal of Mathematical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.

Enzyme-catalysed non-oxidative decarboxylation of aromatic acids: I.Purification and spectroscopic properties of 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase from Image Image

In order to understand the molecular mechanism of non-oxidative decarboxylation of aromatic acids observed in microbial systems, 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) decarboxylase from Image Image was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The enzyme (Mr 120 kDa) had four identical subunits (28 kDa each) and was specific for DHBA. It had a pH optimum of 5.2 and Km was 0.34mM. The decarboxylation did not require any cofactors, nor did the enzyme had any pyruvoyl group at the active site. The carboxyl group and hydroxyl group in the Image -position were required for activity. The preliminary spectroscopic properties of the enzyme are also reported.

Hydrothermal phase equilibria in Ln2O3-H2O-CO2 systems : I. The lighter lanthanides

Phase diagrams for Nd2O3-H2O-CO2 and Gd2O3-H2O-CO2 systems at 1500 atm are given along with the results of selected runs in La, Sm and Eu systems. The stable phases in systems of La and Nd, are Ln(OH)CO3-B, Ln2O2CO3-II and LnOOH, in addition to the Ln(OH)3 phase at extremely low partial pressures of CO2 in the system. The systems become more and more complex with decreasing ionic radi and the number of stable carbonate phases increases. Ln2(CO3)3 · 3H2O orthorhombic (tengerate-like phase) is stable from Sm to Gd in addition to the other phases. The Gd(OH)CO3-A (ancylite-like phase) is hydrothermally stable at XCO2 greater-or-equal, slanted 0.5 while its hexagonal polymorph, Gd(OH)CO3-B is stable at low partial pressures of CO2 in the system.

Non-linear resonance in strings under narrow band random excitation, part I: Planar response and stability

Non-linear planar response of a string to planar narrow band random excitation is investigated in this paper. A response equation for the mean square deflection σ2 is obtained under a single mode approximation by using the equivalent linearization technique. It is shown that the response is triple valued, as in the case of harmonic excitation, if the centre frequency of excitation Ω lies in a certain specified range. The triple valued response occurs only if the excitation bandwidth β is smaller than a critical value βcrit which is a monotonically increasing function of the intensity of excitation. An approximate method of investigating the almost sure asymptotic stability of the solution is presented and regions of instability in the Ω-σ2 plane have been charted. It is shown that planar response can become unstable either due to an unbounded growth of the in-plane component of motion or due to a spontaneous appearance of an out-of-plane component.

Nonlinear I-V characteristics of senmiconducting paints

The oxide-based high resistivity semiconducting Paints can be used on high voltage insulators for improved performance. They were found to exhibit nonlinear I-V characteristics which are reported here. The paints exhibited power law relationship and a sharp transition in merhanism of conduction at a critical voltage.

Microsomal 11-Alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone in Aspergillius ochraceus: Part I: Characterization of the hydroxylase system

Microsomes (105,000xg sediment) prepared from induced cells of A.ochraceus was found to hydroxylate progesterone to 11-Alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (11a-OHP) in high yields (85-�90% in 30 min.) in the presence of NADPH and O2. The pH optimum for the hydroxylase was found to be 7.7. However, for the isolation of active microsomes grinding of the mycelium should be carried out at pH 8.3. Metyrapone, carbon monoxide, SKF-525A, p-CMB and N-methyl maleimide inhibited the hydroxylase activity indicating the involvement of cytochrome P-450 system. The inhibition of the hydroxylase by cytochrome Image and the presence of high levels of NADPH-cytochrome Image reductase in induced microsomes suggest that the reductase could be one of the components in the hydroxylase system.

DNase I Site Mapping and Micrococcal Nuclease Digestion of Pachytene Chromatin Reveal Novel Structural Features

A comparison of the DNase I digestion products of the 32P-5’-end-labeled pachytene nucleosome core particles (containing histones H2A, TH2A, X2, H2B, THPB, H3a, nd H4) and liver nucleosome core particles (containing somatic histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) revealed that the cleavage sites that are 30, 40, and 110 nucleotidesa way from the 5’-enda re significantly more accessiblei n the pachytene core particles than in the liver core particles. These cleavage sites correspond to the region wherein H2B interacts with the nucleosome core DNA. These results, therefore, suggest that the histone-DNA interactiona t these sites in the pachytene core particles is weaker, possibly because of the presence of the histone variant THBB interacting at similar topological positions in the nucleosome core as that of its somatic counterpart H2B. Such a loosened structumrea y also be maintainede ven in the native pachytene chromatin since micrococcal nuclease digestion of pachytene nuclei resulted in a higher ratio of subnucleosomes (SN4 + SN?) to mononucleosomes than that observed liinv er chromatin

Study of strontium compounds and minerals by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. I. K-edge shifts

The chemical shifts in the X-ray K-absorption edge of strontium in various compounds and in six minerals are measured using a single crystal X-ray spectrometer. Besides valence, the shifts are found to be governed by ionic charges on the absorbing ions, which are calculated employing Pauling's method. For the minerals the plot of chemical shift against the theoretically calculated ionic charges is used to determine the charges on the strontium ions.

Electrochemical phase formation (ECPF) and macrogrowth Part I. Hemispherical models

The phenomenological theory of hemispherical growth is generalised to time-dependent nucleation and growth-rates. Special cases, which include models with diffusion-controlled rates, are analysed. Expressions are obtained for small and large time behaviour and peak characteristics of potentiostatic transients, and their use in model parameter estimation is discussed. Two earlier equations are corrected. Numerically calculated transients which are presented exhibit some interesting features such as a maximum preceding the steady state, oscillations and shoulder.

Generalized Burgers equations and Euler-Painlev transcendents. I

Initial-value problems for the generalized Burgers equation (GBE) ut+u betaux+lambdaualpha =(delta/2)uxx are discussed for the single hump type of initial data both continuous and discontinuous. The numerical solution is carried to the self-similar ``intermediate asymptotic'' regime when the solution is given analytically by the self-similar form. The nonlinear (transformed) ordinary differential equations (ODE's) describing the self-similar form are generalizations of a class discussed by Euler and Painlevé and quoted by Kamke. These ODE's are new, and it is postulated that they characterize GBE's in the same manner as the Painlev equations categorize the Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) type. A connection problem for some related ODE's satisfying proper asymptotic conditions at x=±[infinity], is solved. The range of amplitude parameter is found for which the solution of the connection problem exists. The other solutions of the above GBE, which display several interesting features such as peaking, breaking, and a long shelf on the left for negative values of the damping coefficient lambda, are also discussed. The results are compared with those holding for the modified KdV equation with damping. Journal of Mathematical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.

Modification of chemical reactivity by cyclodextrins. Observation of moderate effects on Norrish type I and type II photobehavior

The photochemistry and photophysics of organic molecules in organized assemblies are being studied with great interest in order to understand the features controlling the selectivity in the photoreactions brought about by these media.l These studies have paved the way to an intriguing number of possibilities by which photoreactivity can be modified. In this connection, we have investigated the photobehavior of a number of phenyl alkyl ketones and cu,cu-dimethylphenyl alkyl ketones (Scheme I) incorporated in the hydrophobic interior of cyclodextrin cavities.

Photoelastic determination of mode i stress intensity factor in tensile strips—effect of crack length

This paper reports an experimental investigation carried out, using the photoelastic technique, to determine the Mode I stress intensity factor in case of cracks of varying a/w ratio in single edge-notch specimens. The photoelastic information was analysed using the several methods proposed by earlier workers. The experimental results are compared with the analytical expressions.