Makt, konst, elit - konstfältets positioner, relationer och resurser i 1940- och 1950-talens Helsingfors

The dissertation examines the power mechanisms and institutional power hierarchies of the 1940s-1950s era arts elite in Helsinki and their influence on issues of taste in the visual arts. For the purposes of this study, the elite is understood to consist mainly of the board members of the principal elected bodies in the field of the arts. The theoretical framework employed is based on Pierre Bourdieu s field theory and the network perspective. The author has examined what the key, pervasive valuations were that governed the exercising of power by the arts elite in issues of taste, involving determination of who was an acknowledged artist and what was good art. The dissertation demonstrates that this exercising of power was governed by certain collective practices which maintained the illusion that the exercising of power was democratic and based on artistic quality. These practices were the corporate system, using artistic arguments in issues of taste, and using networks in the exercising of power. The struggle in the field of the arts was about who ultimately was entitled to define the value of contemporary art; the issue did not arise regarding historical art. Artists managed to gain a leading position as gatekeepers in issues regarding contemporary art. The author discusses a number of conflicts in the field of the arts that highlight the institutional hierarchies and the capital held by the various players. The structural changes that occurred in administration in the field of cultural production in the 1950s led to the separation of bureaucratic competence on the one hand and aesthetic competence on the other. There was a hierarchy in the field of the arts between institutions, between instruments of legitimisation, and between the symbolic and social capital of players in the field. The hierarchy in the arts ultimately depended on how well the elite could influence tastes through the instruments at their disposal. The various instruments of legitimisation grants, purchases, etc. were ranked differently in the evaluation of acknowledged artists and good art. The dissertation discusses what values, in the form of types of symbolic capital, the arts elite embraced and what role these played in the elite s exercising of power, with particular focus on gender, language, region and economic capital. The aesthetic capital of an artist was of only minor importance in the exercising of power by the arts elite. The dissertation further discusses the points of contact between the arts elite and players in other fields, such as the economic, media and consumer fields. When the arts elite, through the Academy of Fine Arts, became an active player in the art market, this led to a hierarchy where the division between acknowledged and not-acknowledged galleries became sharper.

Elewård på finska och pä svenska. En fallstudie som granskar samband mellan socialt kap språk och ungdomars välmående

Forskningen utreder skillnader mellan finsk- och svenskspråkiga skolor i en kommun i Nylands län utgående från elevvårdens synvinkel. Syftet är att kartlägga situationen i en kommun och synliggöra de skillnader och faktorer som påverkar det sociala kapitalets mängd i skolorna. Skillnaderna betraktas utgående från det sociala kapitalets inverkan på gemenskapen och från ekologisk synvinkel. Sambandet mellan det sociala stöd och den sociala kontroll som särskilt de vuxna i skolan producerar, har betydelse för skolelevers välmående. För att kunna bilda en socialt stödande och socialt kontrollerande atmosfär krävs det funktionella förändringar i skolan. Särskilt de vuxna i skolan skulle behöva mera gemenskap. Elevvårdsarbetet och skolarbetet riktar sig främst mot elever i dag, fastän de vuxna skulle behöva stärka sina sociala förhållanden. Bris i uppkomsten av socialt stöd och kontroll beror främst på problem i samarbete och kommunikation mellan de vuxna i skolan. Skolkuratorerna är de enda professionella inom skolan som i sitt arbete tar hela skolan som gemenskap i beaktande. Denna forskning är en abduktiv kvalitativ fallstudie som är tili sin karaktär beskrivande. Som data används intervjuer av elevvärdspersonalen i kommunen och enkäten Hälsa i skolan av Institutet för hälsa och välfärd från år 2008. Viktigaste källan för forskningen är Noora Ellone (2008) forskning "Kasvuyhteisö nuoren turvana".