Malestar sí, pero en la cultura

Este trabajo rinde tributo al esfuerzo de Freud por conocer la naturaleza humana, a la vez que vuelve la mirada sobre una línea intelectual sospechosamente semi-olvidada o quizás semi-escondida, el freudomarxismo. Siguiendo las huellas de un concepto capital en la obra de Freud, el concepto de represión, trataré de explicar de qué manera el caudal de la obra freudiana se canaliza en direcciones distintas entre los autores más prototípicos del freudomarxismo (Reich, Fromm y Marcuse) para elaborar teorías sobre la cultura y la sociedad contemporáneas.

La controversia de la Inmaculada Concepción a través de los impresos de los siglos XVII y XVIII

Los inicios de la controversia debemos buscarlos en los albores del siglo XII entre la discusión iniciada por los Santos Padres, San Anselmo de Canterbury y sus discípulos que defienden la Concepción Inmaculada de la Virgen, frente al cisterciense San Bernardo y sus seguidores quienes comparten la opinión contraria en obediencia a los postulados agustinianos del pecado original. Con el siglo XIII aparecen las grandes órdenes religiosas de franciscanos y dominicos que van alimentar la controversia en torno a dos grandes escuelas: la Tomista, seguidores de Santo Tomás, donde se alinearan los dominicos; y la escotista, seguidores de Duns Escoto, quien se convertirá en el primero en realizar una defensa científica de la controversia mariana en la Sorbona, e inaugurará de forma oficial la controversia, manteniéndose en siglos posteriores, siendo la referencia de los franciscanos. Otros hitos cronológicos podemos encontrarlos en el concilio de Basilea (s. XV) primero, y en el de Trento (s. XVI) después; donde los franciscanos van a mostrar ya una fuerte preocupación por defender la opinión piadosa,convirtiéndoles en uno de los pilares de la defensa a los largo de toda la Edad Moderna, sumándose más tarde a ella la Orden de San Ignacio.

Estudio, edición crítica y traducción del "Memoriale virtvtvm" de Alfonso de Cartagena

Alfonso de Cartagena (1385-1456), possibly the most representative figure of the courtly, political and cultural dimension built around Juan II, was the third son of the famous convert Pablo de Santa Maria, Burgos’ rabbi and, later on, bishop of that same town. He started his career as governor of Cartagena’s cathedral, afterwards he was named dean of Santiago and Segovia, canon of Burgos and, after his father’s death, bishop of Burgos. Alternatively, he played a vital role in Castile’s national and international politics, as an ambassador in Portugal’s court, at Basel’s council and before Poland’s and Germany’s kings. His work, written both in Latin and Romance, either as an historian, treatise writer, theologist or translator, is quite broad; his literary connections were strong either with Italian humanists or with those who were fond of the language arts from Spain. The first part of this Thesis seeks to provide a wide enough perspective of the author, for which we place the emphasis on the most distinctive aspects of his life. Therefore, we divided the introduction in three sections: a biographical overview, his work and, last, a study on the Memoriale uirtutum itself. Thus, regarding the first aspect, we focus on the course of his life (§1.1), where we can highlight his university education, which isn’t restricted to his training as a jurist, but we also observe that his mental vitality takes him to develop certain inquisitiveness for Moral Philosophy or Latin, which leads him to study Grammar and Rhetoric; this would allow the influence of studia humanitatis to emerge, although he never got to learn the Greek language, as we can deduce from the epistolary confrontation between him and Leonardo Bruni. We also focus on the significance of his Jewish past, upon the defence of the converts during the massacre experienced in the XVth century (§1.2), and on his presence at Basel’s council (§1.3). Despite the fact that his work as a diplomat begins during the missions in Portugal as an emissary of king Juan II, he will get recognition owing to his legation in Basel, not only among the European ecclesiastics, but also among the scholars from Italy; the importance of Basel’s council in Cartagena’s life goes beyond his official work there, either as defending the Castilian interests, or as an active member of the purely conciliar functions, since it also had a huge impact in his intellectual growth. During this time period, Cartagena establishes a friendship with Pizzolpaso, Bishop of Milan, writer, humanist, and friend of Leonardo Bruni. As a result of this type of relationship with men of such high cultural standard, he re-awakens the study of the Classical antiquity among his contemporaries, developing a huge interest in the Greco-Roman masterpieces, which will bring him closely to the highly-regarded Spanish humanists of the XVIth century...