Reforma del estado como mecanismo de control en democracia delegativa: caso reforma judicial Ecuador 2007-2014

The object of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the political and administrative purpose that is given to the reform process of a vital sector of State powers within the framework of delegate democracy, such as the administration of Justice. The object is also to analyze if State reform in a diminished or non-liberal surrounding increase or improve conditions of democracy in a given situation, based on the constitutional “what should be”, or if what occurs is a process of “seizure” of the functions of State, which becomes an institutional risk. Finally, we will examine the real and effective existence of a horizontal accountability process through the use of institutional resources, which would evidence the existence of an incomplete model of democracy. This analysis implies the relationship between two institutions within public administration: State Reform, as an act of change in State structure in order to improve qualitatively the outcomes and outputs of public policies, and in sum, to make the system work better. This, as it will be examined later, is the case of Latin America as a response of the State to three processes in crisis: fiscal, as in government intervention or in the form of bureaucratic administration. In that scheme of things, this thesis examines the present state of the art in public administration science of this process to prove that in delegate democracy, this type of instruments disregard the constitutive elements of democracy and serve, especially in critical areas of the administration, allowing for Power to dismiss Law. This research seeks to contribute towards an area seldom analyzed regarding public administration doctrine under the light of the theory of law, which is the connection between previous conditions or principal inputs of an execution process of a democracy and, on the other hand, regarding the effects of introducing a reform within models of a changing democracy and new concepts of the rule of law. While reviewing writings regarding State reform, it is clear that no approximations have been previously made in reference to prior conditions of the political system in order to begin operating a reform which respects fundamental rights as an object of this procedure. Furthermore, no analysis has been found regarding structural change of strategic areas in State services as to the effect caused on democratic exercise and the outcome in an open society...

Efecto anestésico en el dispositivo de asistencia mecánica circulatoria: anestesia intravenosa frente a anestesia inhalatoria. Estudio experimental

Los dispositivos de asistencia mecánica circulatoria (AMC) son una opción terapéutica prometedora para los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada. Pueden actuar como puente al trasplante, como terapia de destino para los pacientes con contraindicaciones para el trasplante, o como un puente hacia un futuro de recuperación. En las últimas décadas, las AMC se han utilizado cada vez más en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca terminal, ya que el trasplante cardiaco está limitado por una falta de donantes. El principal objetivo de una AMC es mantener la perfusión de los órganos vitales. Para mejorar la salida clínica de la AMC, es necesario optimizar las condiciones perioperatorias (AMC de flujo continuo, monitores hemodinámicos, y los fármacos anestésicos) en la implantación de estos dispositivos. Aunque varios estudios muestran los efectos de la AMC en el flujo de los órganos (corazón, cerebro, hígado y riñón), el efecto de los anestésicos en el flujo de los órganos en pacientes con una AMC no ha sido analizado hasta la fecha...