An automatic imaging spectroscopic ellipsometer for characterization of nano-film pattern on solid substrate

In order to characterize the physical and spatial properties of nano-film pattern on solid substrates, an automatic imaging spectroscopic ellipsometer (ISE) based on a polarizer - compensator - specimen - analyzer configuration in the visible region is presented. It can provide the spectroscopic ellipsometric parameters psi (x, y, lambda) and Delta (x, y, lambda) of a large area specimen with a lateral resolution in the order of some microns. A SiO2 stepped layers pattern is used to demonstrate the function of the ISE which shows potential application in thin film devices' such as high-throughput bio-chips.

一篇探索真核细胞核起源的力作——读李靖炎先生的长篇近作“The primitive nucleus model and the origin of the cell nucleus”

《胞内共生与细胞研究》( 《Endocytobiosis and Cell Research》)是由国际胞内共生学会(International Society of Endocytobiology, ISE)主办的期刊, 它主要发表有关内共生物(endosy mbioses)和真核细胞的起源、发展、分化、进化和系统发育的研究论文. 在胞内共生和真核细胞的起源进化研究领域享有声誉. 去年该杂志发表了我国学者李靖炎先生的长篇论著“The primitive nucleus model and the origin of the cell nucleus(原始细胞核的模型与细胞核的起源)”(见1999, 13(1-3):1-86). 国外一家 SCI 收录的专业性刊物为中国学者发表一篇长达86页的 Review, 实不多见, 是我国学者在此领域的殊荣。

稀土离子选择电极在非线性响应区域的响应特性及其数学模型

离子选择电极（简称ISE）是一种传感器。它能将体系中的组分活度（或浓度）的改变情况以电信号方式输出。ISE的这种特点使其成为分析和监测体系组成变化的一种有效手段。理论上ISE既能够测试体系中待测离子的活度（或浓度），则一切与活度（或浓度）有直接联系或间接联系的体小性质就能通过实验测定而获得定量数据或作定性的了解。事实上这是比较困难的。这种困难主要来自两个方面。一方面是并不具备所有各种离子的专属电极；同时，对某种离子敏感的电极也还会对其它共存离子有不同程度的响应，也就是说，ISE的选择性是相对的，是随体系中主要离子和其它共存离子之间的组成比例改变而改变的。因此ISE在大多数具有复杂组成的实际体系中的应用受到限制。另一方面是并未引起人们普遍关注的一个方面，即ISE的常规分析范围是处在能斯特电位响应区域，而众多的实际体系不但具有复杂的组分，而且组分浓度比较高，ISE在这类体系中虽然存在一定的电位响应，但表现出的可能是亚能斯特响应或非能斯特反应，由此而产生的问题是测量精度降低，难以达到定量分析目的。由此可见，为了适应实际体系的要求，可以从上述两个方面入手来扩大ISE在各类体系中的应用范围，即努力开发和研制新型材料的ISE，并且积极开展ISE在非能斯特（或非线性）电位响应区域的响应特性的研究。众所周知，稀土资源是我国一个丰富而又宝贵的资源。近年来稀土资源的开发利用已成为重要的科研课题，稀土离子选择电极（简称RE－ISE）也应运而生，目前工作有无机材料膜电极和功能高分子膜电极。我们对这两类RE－ISE在具有较复杂组成且组分浓度较高的稀土体系中研究了它们的响应特性，以探索将RE－ISE应用于这类体系的可能性，从而寻找一种适合于这类体系的直接、快速测定方法，这对于有关体系的溶液化学的研究（如萃取化学、络合物化学等），无论是从应用上，还是从理论上都是很有意义的。此外从扩大ISE的范围出发，从充分发挥ISE的功能出发，开展非线性区域电极响应特性的研究不仅对RE－ISE而且对其它类型的ISE也都具有实际意义。本论文分三部分：文献综述，包括ISE在溶液体系中测定活度系数以及平衡常数的研究工作和计算机在ISE方法中的应用研究工作；RE－ISE在非线性响应区域响应特性的研究及其响应特性的数学模拟，分CeO_2膜RE－ISE和功能高分子膜RE－ISE两篇报告；最后是RE－ISE在非线性响应区域的数学模型研究。

计算机控制的亚微米硬度计及其应用

本文描述了一台有微机控制的可变温亚微米深度灵敏的硬度计及其应用实例。该硬度计的负荷范围从0.01N到2N负荷测量精度为1mN。为该硬度计配备了各种角度的四棱锥型，三棱锥型和Knoop型金刚压头用来得到各种不同的深度面积比。利用该硬度计研究了测量中的压痕尺寸效应（ISE）马氏体不锈钢辐照和He注入后的硬化脆化效应，连接奥氏体不锈钢焊接材料和碳--金属焊接材料的辐照效应。同时，还研究了在稳定负荷下硬度与加压时间的关系（压痕蠕变）和在循环负荷下硬度与循环次数的关系（压痕疲劳）

沈阳城市公园植物景观美学质量测定方法研究——美景度评估法、平均值法和成对比较法的比较

运用心理物理学派研究方法,对沈阳城市公园植物景观美学进行了公众审美偏好程度的研究,并系统地分析和比较了常用的心理物理学派美景度测定与统计方法———美景度评估法(scen ic beauty estim ation)、平均值法(average visual quality)和成对比较法(pairw ise comparison)。本研究选择了15张反映城市公园植物景观的彩色照片,向公众进行了当面问卷调查。调查数据分别利用美景度评估法、平均值法、层次分析法进行了美景度代表值的统计。结果表明:(1)城市公园植物景观的美学质量评价可以通过基于照片媒介的心理物理学研究方法而完成,公众对于不同评价样本的审美偏好是有差别的;(2)本研究中采用3种美景度代表值统计方法获得的最终结果显示,3种方法无显著性差异;(3)通过3种评价方法表现均为较好与较差的评判样本B13与B04来看,样本间存在明显的差异,比如植物本身的形态特征、遮荫效果和空间感等等。但这些特征是否是影响评判结果的关键因素,还有待进一步研究加以验证。

随钻地震技术的研究及应用

Seismic While Drilling (SWD) is a new wellbore seismic technique. It uses the vibrations produced by a drill-bit while drilling as a downhole seismic energy source. The continuous signals generated by the drill bit are recorded by a pilot sensor attached to the top of the drill-string. Seismic wave receivers positioned in the earth near its surface receive the seismic waves both directly and reflection from the geologic formations. The pilot signal is cross-correlated with the receiver signals to compute travel-times of the arrivals (direct arrival and reflected arrival) and attenuate incoherent noise. No downhole intrusmentation is required to obtain the data and the data recording does not interfere with the drilling process. These characteristics offer a method by which borehole seismic data can be acquired, processed, and interpreted while drilling. As a Measure-While-Drill technique. SWD provides real-time seismic data for use at the well site . This can aid the engineer or driller by indicating the position of the drill-bit and providing a look at reflecting horizons yet to be encountered by the drill-bit. Furthermore, the ease with which surface receivers can be deployed makes multi-offset VSP economically feasible. First, this paper is theoretically studying drill-bit wavefield， interaction mode between drill-bit and formation below drill-bit , the new technique of modern signal process was applied to seismic data, the seismic body wave radiation pattern of a working roller-cone drill-bit can be characterized by theoretical modeling. Then , a systematical analysis about the drill-bit wave was done, time-distance equation of seismic wave traveling was established, the process of seismic while drilling was simulated using the computer software adaptive modeling of SWD was done . In order to spread this technique, I have made trial SWD modeling during drilling. the paper sketches out the procedure for trial SWD modeling during drilling , the involved instruments and their functions, and the trial effect. Subsurface condition ahead of the drill-bit can be predicted drillstring velocity was obtained by polit sensor autocorrelation. Reference decovolution, the drillstring multiples in the polit signal are removed by reference deconvolution, the crosscorrelation process enhance the signal-to-noise power ratio, lithologies. Final, SWD provides real-time seismic data for use at the well site well trajectory control exploratory well find out and preserve reservoirs. intervel velocity was computed by the traveltime The results of the interval velocity determination reflects the pore-pressure present in the subsurface units ahead of the drill-bit. the presences of fractures in subsurface formation was detected by shear wave. et al.