Fuzzy inferring mathematical morphology and optical implementation

Fuzzification is introduced into gray-scale mathematical morphology by using two-input one-output fuzzy rule-based inference systems. The fuzzy inferring dilation or erosion is defined from the approximate reasoning of the two consequences of a dilation or an erosion and an extended rank-order operation. The fuzzy inference systems with numbers of rules and fuzzy membership functions are further reduced to a simple fuzzy system formulated by only an exponential two-input one-output function. Such a one-function fuzzy inference system is able to approach complex fuzzy inference systems by using two specified parameters within it-a proportion to characterize the fuzzy degree and an exponent to depict the nonlinearity in the inferring. The proposed fuzzy inferring morphological operators tend to keep the object details comparable to the structuring element and to smooth the conventional morphological operations. Based on digital area coding of a gray-scale image, incoherently optical correlation for neighboring connection, and optical thresholding for rank-order operations, a fuzzy inference system can be realized optically in parallel. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Formal specification and refinement of a safe train control function

Motivated by the design and development challenges of the BART case study, an approach for developing and analyzing a formal model for reactive systems is presented. The approach makes use of a domain specific language for specifying control algorithms able to satisfy competing properties such as safety and optimality. The domain language, called SPC, offers several key abstractions such as the state, the profile, and the constraint to facilitate problem specification. Using a high-level program transformation system such as HATS being developed at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, specifications in this modelling language can be transformed to ML code. The resulting executable specification can be further refined by applying generic transformations to the abstractions provided by the domain language. Problem dependent transformations utilizing the domain specific knowledge and properties may also be applied. The result is a significantly more efficient implementation which can be used for simulation and gaining deeper insight into design decisions and various control policies. The correctness of transformations can be established using a rewrite-rule based induction theorem prover Rewrite Rule Laboratory developed at the University of New Mexico.

基于ECA规则的企业过程数据集成系统设计与实现

流程企业中的信息主要包括管理数据和过程数据，随着企业信息化进程的推进，实现管理数据和过程数据的集成对提高流程企业生产管理与决策的质量、效益和水平起到越来越重要的作用，为实现流程企业的管控一体化创造了条件。本文在对流程企业的数据集成需求和现有的过程数据集成方法全面分析的基础上，针对现有的过程数据集成方法无法保证数据集成过程的主动性以及数据的时效性问题，提出了基于ECA规则的过程数据集成方法，该方法将具有主动机制的ECA规则引入到数据集成中，通过事件触发规则来完成数据集成任务，保证了数据的时效性和可靠性，具有一定的应用价值。论文主要工作如下： 1．分析了流程企业生产数据的特点和过程数据集成的重要性，总结了现有的解决过程数据集成问题方法的不足，针对已有方法无法保证过程数据集成的主动性和数据的时效性问题，提出了基于ECA规则的过程数据集成方法。 2.分析了流程企业数据集成的具体需求特点，给出了过程数据集成系统中的ECA规则的设计描述。基于实时数据库提供的发布/订阅机制，阐述了系统对规则中主要事件类型产生的捕获处理过程。 3.设计了基于ECA规则的过程数据集成框架，研究了框架中主要模块设计所用到的关键技术，包括复合事件检测机制、规则语法解析和规则调度策略，分析了该框架的特点，说明了系统运行流程。 4．基于上述研究，开发了基于ECA规则的企业过程数据集成系统。该系统已经投入石化和钢铁企业的实际应用中,取得了较好的效果。

基于合同网协议交互投标的动态调度方法研究

柔性制造系统使生产加工路径有很多可选性,所以调度系统必须考虑机器调度问题。分配规则调度是一种最基本、最具影响力的动态调度方法。然而,分配规则调度方法很少考虑机器顺序选择。兼顾工件选择和机器选择两方面,本文运用交互投标过程,构建基于合同网协议调度的协商规则。研究作业车间动态调度问题,提出并构建了5种合同网规则调度方法。通过实验分析结果表明,基于合同网交互投标模式的规则调度能够大大改善调度系统性能,提高设备的利用率和设备负荷平衡指标。

基于多代理和规则调度的敏捷调度系统研究

研究了在敏捷制造环境下制造车间生产过程的动态调度问题。针对敏捷化调度的特殊要求 ,提出了综合运用多代理机制与规则调度实现敏捷化制造车间生产过程动态调度的方法 ,建立了基于多代理生产组织和运行模式的生产过程动态调度系统框架结构 ,研究了在多代理结构的基础上实现规则调度的方法 ,创建了适应实际生产环境的代理的模型结构 ,并以一类敏捷加工车间动态调度的仿真研究说明所提出方法的思路和可行性。

基于规则的移动机器人实时运动规划

研究移动机器人在动态环境中的导航与避障问题。为提高规划的实时性,提出了基于规则的规划方法,将多移动障碍环境机器人的运动规划分解为相对简单的单移动障碍运动规划,利用最优控制来实现单障碍的最优避障,并用智能搜索方法解决了移动机器人在多移动障碍环境中的实时运动规划问题。仿真实例表明了该方法的有效性。

非饱和膨胀土力学特性及其工程处置研究

The unsaturated expansive soil is a hotspot and difficulty in soil mechanics inland and outland. The expansive soil in our China is one of the widest in distributing and greatest in area, and the disaster of expansive soil happens continually as a result. The soil mechanics test, monitor, numerical simulation and engineering practice are used to research swell and shrinkage characteristic, edge strength characteristic and unsaturated strength characteristic of Mengzi expansive soil. The seep and stability of the slope for expansive soil associated with fissure are analyzed and two kinds of new technique are put forward to be used in expansive soil area, based on disaster mechnics proposed of the slope.The technique of reinforcement in road embankment is optimized also. Associated with engineering geology research of Mengzi expansive soil, mineral composition, chemical composition, specific area and cation content, dissolubility salt and agglutinate, microcosmic fabric characteristic, cause of formation and atmosphere effect depth are analyzed to explain the intrinsic cause and essence of swell and shrinkage for expansive soil. The rule between swell-shrinkage and initial state, namely initial water content, initial dry density and initial pressure, can be used to construction control. Does Response model is fit to simulate the rule, based on ternary regression analysis. It has great meaning to expansive soil engineering in area with salt or alkali. The mechanics under CD, CU and GCU of expansive soil is researched by edge surface theory to explain the remarkable effect of consolidation pressure, initial dry density, initial water content, cut velocity, drainage and reinforcement to the edge strength characteristic. The infirm hardening stress strain curves can be fitted with hyperbola model and the infirm softening curves can be fitted with exponential model. The normalization theory can be used to reveal the intrinsic unity of the otherness which is brought by different methods to the shear strength of the same kinds of samples. The unsaturated strain softening characteristic and strength envelope of remolding samples are researched by triaxial shear test based on suction controlled, the result of which is simulated by exponential function. The strength parameters of the unsaturated samples are obtained to be used in the unsaturated seep associated with rainfall. The elasticity and plasticity characters of expansive soil are researched to attain the model parameters by using modified G-A model. The humidification destroy characteristic of expansive soil is discussed to research the disaster mechanism of the slope with the back pressure increasing and suction decreasing under bias pressure consolidation. The indoor and outdoor SWCCs are measured to research the effect factors and the rule between different stress and filling environment. The moisture absorption curves can express the relationship between suction and water content in locale. The SWCCs of Mengzi expansive soil are measured by GDS stress path trixial system. The unsaturated infiltration function is gained to research seep and stability of the slope of expansive soil. The rainfall infiltration and ability of slope considering multifarious factors are studied by analyzing fissure cause of Mengzi expansive soil. The mechanism of the slope disaster is brought forward by the double controlling effect between suction and fissure. Two new kinds of technique are put forward to resolve disaster of expansive soil and the technique of reinforcement on embankment is optimized, which gives a useful help to solving engineering trouble.

Parallel optical negabinary arithmetic based on logic operations

On the basis of signed-digit negabinary representation, parallel two-step addition and one-step subtraction can be performed for arbitrary-length negabinary operands.; The arithmetic is realized by signed logic operations and optically implemented by spatial encoding and decoding techniques. The proposed algorithm and optical system are simple, reliable, and practicable, and they have the property of parallel processing of two-dimensional data. This leads to an efficient design for the optical arithmetic and logic unit. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America.

Code conversion from signed-digit to complement representation based on look-ahead optical logic operations

We present, for the first time to our knowledge, a generalized lookahead logic algorithm for number conversion from signed-digit to complement representation. By properly encoding the signed-digits, all the operations are performed by binary logic, and unified logical expressions can be obtained for conversion from modified-signed-digit (MSD) to 2's complement, trinary signed-digit (TSD) to 3's complement, and quarternary signed-digit (QSD) to 4's complement. For optical implementation, a parallel logical array module using an electron-trapping device is employed and experimental results are shown. This optical module is suitable for implementing complex logic functions in the form of the sum of the product. The algorithm and architecture are compatible with a general-purpose optoelectronic computing system. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Photonic switch and NOT logic gate based on the hybrid integration of a GaAsVCSEL and a GaAs MISS

The hybrid integrated photonic switch and not logic gate based on the integration of a GaAs VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers) and a MISS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Switches) device are reported. The GaAs VCSEL is fabricated by selective etching and selective oxidation. The Ultra-Thin semi-Insulating layer (UTI) of the GaAs MISS is formed by using oxidation of A1As that is grown by MBE. The accurate control of UTI and the processing compatibility between VCSEL and MISS are solved by this procedure. Ifa VCSEL is connected in series with a MISS, the integrated device can be used as a photonic switch, or a light amplifier. A low switching power (10 mu W) and a good on-off ratio (17 dB contrast) have been achieved. If they are connected in parallel, they perform a photonic NOT gate operation.

When is `partial' adequate? A logic-based proof technique using partial specifications

A technique is presented for ascertaining when a (finite-state) partial process specification is adequate, in the sense of being specified enough, for contexts in which it is to be used. The method relies on the automatic generation of a modal formula from the partial specification; if the remainder of the network satisfies this formula, then any process that meets the specification is guaranteed to ensure correct behavior of the overall system. Using the results, the authors develop compositional proof rules for establishing the correctness of networks of parallel processes and illustrate their use with several examples