Studies on decomposed crop residues by FTIR differential analysis

The decomposing process of corn leaf residues (CLR) was studied by FTIR differential analysis,and the differential spectra were compared with normal spectra. The result showed that the purification process to remove inorganic matters from decomposed CLR could be omitted when differential analysis is used, and the differential spectra were cleat and distinct. As far as the studies of decomposed crop residues, the FTIR differential analysis was a convenient and forthright method.

SMS4密码算法的差分故障攻击

SMS4是用于WAPI的分组密码算法,是国内官方公布的第一个商用密码算法.由于公布时间不长,关于它的安全性研究尚没有公开结果发表.该文研究SMS4密码算法对差分故障攻击的安全性.攻击采用面向字节的随机故障模型,并且结合了差分分析技术.该攻击方法理论上仅需要32个错误密文就可以完全恢复出SMS4的128比特种子密钥.因为实际中故障发生的字节位置是不可能完全平均的,所以实际攻击所需错误密文数将略大于理论值;文中的实验结果也验证了这一事实,恢复SMS4的128bit种子密钥平均大约需要47个错误密文.文章结果显示SMS4对差分故障攻击是脆弱的.为了避免这类攻击,建议用户对加密设备进行保护,阻止攻击者对其进行故障诱导.

Differential expression and characterization analysis of a new gene with WD domains in fish oogenesis

A new gene with WD domains is cloned and characterized according to its differential transcription and expression between previtellogenic oocytes (phase I oocytes) and fully-grown oocytes (phase V oocytes) from natural gynogenetic silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by using the combinative methods of suppressive subtraction hybridization, SMART cDNA synthesis and RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA is 1870 bp. Its 5 ' untranslated region is 210 bp, followed by an open reading frame of 990 bp, which has the typical vertebrate initiator codon of ANNATG. The open reading frame encodes a protein with 329 amino acids. It has 670 bp of 3 ' untranslated region and an AATAAA polyadenylation signal. Because it has 92% homology to STRAP (serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein), a recently reported gene, we named it FSTRAP (fish STRAP). Virtual Northern blotting indicated that the FSTRAP was transcribed in fully-grown oocytes (phase V oocytes), but not in previtellogenic oocytes (phase I oocytes). RT-PCR analysis showed that FSTRAP was transcribed in brain, heart, kidney, muscle, ovary, spleen and testis, but not in liver. And its mRNA could be detected in the oocytes from phase II to phase V. Western blotting also showed that FSTRAP protein could be detected in brain, heart, kidney, muscle, ovary, spleen and testis except liver. Results of Western blotting on various oocytes were also similar to the RT-PCR data. FSTRAP protein was not expressed in the previtellogenic oocytes. Its expression initiated from phase II oocytes after vitellogenesis, and was consistent with the mRNA transcription.

Differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein ZP3 cDNAs between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carp

Gynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model. system. In the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. Five differential cDNA fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are ZP3 homologues. Moreover, the full length ZP3 cDNAs were cloned from their oocyte cDNA libraries. The length of ZP3 cDNAs were 1378 bp for gyno-carp and 1367 bp for gono-carp, and they can be translated into proteins with 435 amino acids. Obvious differences are not only in the composition of amino acids, but also in the number of potential O-linked oligosaccharide sites. In addition, gyno-carp ZP3 amino acid sequence has an unexpected higher identity value with common carp (83.5%) than that with the closely related gono-carp (74.7%). The unique homology may be originated from the ancient hybridization. Northern blot analysis confirmed that expression of the ZP3 gene occurred exclusively in the oocytes. Because O-linked oligosaccharides on ZP3 have been demonstrated to play very important roles in fertilization, it is suggested that the extra O-linked glycosylation sites may be related to the unique sperm-egg recognition mechanism in gynogenesis.

Numerical analysis for four-wave mixing based wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift keying signals

We numerically investigate the main constrains for high efficiency wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Using multi-tone pump phase modulation techniques, high efficiency wavelength conversion of DPSK signals is achieved with the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects effectively suppressed. Our analysis shows that there is a compromise between conversion efficiency and converted idler degradation. By optimizing the pump phase modulation configuration, the converted DPSK idler's degradation can be dramatically decreased through balancing SBS suppression and pump phase modulation degradation. Our simulation results also show that these multi-tone pump phase modulation techniques are more appropriate for the future high bit rate systems.

Differential proteomic analysis of neonatal cardiomyocytes in response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation

beta-Adrenoceptors(beta-ARs) play a critical role in regulating cardiac functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. To further explore the mechanisms through which beta-ARs perform its actions, proteomic approaches were adopted to study the global protein patterns in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes exposed to isoproterenol (ISO). A modified method, "Mirror Images in One Gel", was used to improve the reproducibility and resolution power of two-dimensional electrophoresis. A 2-DE map with a good reproducibility was obtained in which 1281 70 spots were detected and about 1191 +/- 54 spots were matched, with an average matching rate of 92.9%. Nine proteins with significant changes were identified by using peptide mass fingerprinting(PMF) data obtained via MALDI-MS.

Chaotic dynamic analysis of viscoelastic plates

The dynamic buckling of viscoelastic plates with large deflection is investigated in this paper by using chaotic and fractal theory. The material behavior is given in terms of the Boltzmann superposition principle. in order to obtain accurate computation results, the nonlinear integro-differential dynamic equation is changed into an autonomic four-dimensional dynamical system. The numerical time integrations of equations are performed by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. And the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, the fractal dimension of strange attractors and the time evolution of deflection are obtained. The influence of geometry nonlinearity and viscoelastic parameter on the dynamic buckling of viscoelastic plates is discussed.

A theoretical analysis on stochastic behaviour of short cracks and fatigue damage of metals

In this paper, the closed form of solution to the stochastic differential equation for a fatigue crack evolution system is derived. and the relationship between metal fatigue damage and crack stochastic behaviour is investigated. It is found that the damage extent of metals is independent of crack stochastic behaviour ii the stochastic deviation of the crack growth rate is directly proportional to its mean value. The evolution of stochastic deviation of metal fatigue damage in the stage close to the transition point between short and long crack regimes is also discussed.

Vibration analysis of laminated shells using a refined shear deformation theory

A previously published refined shear deformation theory is used to analyse free vibration of laminated shells. The theory includes the assumption that the transverse shear strains across any two layers are linearly dependent on each other. The theory has the same dependent variables as first-order shear deformation theory, hut the set of governing differential equations is of twelfth order. No shear correction factors are required. Free vibration of symmetric cross-ply laminated cylindrical shells, symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply cylindrical panels is calculated. The numerical results are in good agreement with those from three-dimensional elasticity theory.

Vibration analysis of laminated plates using a refined shear deformation-theory

A previously published discrete-layer shear deformation theory is used to analyze free vibration of laminated plates. The theory includes the assumption that the transverse shear strains across any two layers are linearly dependent on each other. The theory has the same dependent variables as first order shear deformation theory, but the set of governing differential equations is of twelfth order. No shear correction factors are required. Free vibration of simply supported symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply plates is calculated. The numerical results are in good agreement with those from three-dimensional elasticity theory.

Some theorems in asymptotic analysis

Basing ourselves on the analysis of magnitude of order, we strictly prove fundamental lemmas for asymptotic integral, including the cases of infinite region. Then a general formula for asymptotic expansion of integrals is given. Finally, we derive a sufficient condition for an ordinary differential equation to possess a solution of the Frobenius series type at finite irregular singularities or branching points.

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRICAL METHODS IN THE STUDY OF OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION (SCALAR THEORY) .2. TIME-DEPENDENT TRANSMISSION THEORY

By generalization of the methods presented in Part I of the study [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 600 (1994)] to the four-dimensional (4D) Riemannian manifold case, the time-dependent behavior of light transmitting in a medium is investigated theoretically by the geodesic equation and curvature in a 4D manifold. In addition, the field equation is restudied, and the 4D conserved current of the optical fluid and its conservation equation are derived and applied to deduce the time-dependent general refractive index. On this basis the forces acting on the fluid are dynamically analyzed and the self-consistency analysis is given.