我国彩票购买人群的心理行为特征及购彩成瘾倾向研究

The aims of this research were to explore Chinese lottery buyers’ and addictive buyers’ characteristics and influencing factors of lottery buying．Three studies were carried out: study 1 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers. Study 2 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of addictive lottery buyers. High addictive tendency group and control group were selected, and general information, personality traits and lottery buying behavior characteristics were compared between the two groups. Study 3 was to explore the influences of locus of control and coping style on Chinese lottery buyers’ addictive tendency. 7,160 subjects were rectuited from the Welfare Betting shops in 114 cities of the 31 provinces of China. It was found that: 1. The main characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers are: male, marride, non-religious, 26-45 years old, having at least high school level of education. 2. Chinese lottery buyer’s reasons of first buying were curiosity, to donate for charity, to have amusement, to chase big prize and others’ influence. At present the main reasons of lottery buying were charity, amusment and big prize. 3. 40 percent of Chinese lottery buyers spent more than 20% of their income on lottery. Higher income buyers spent more than the lower ones, but the lower income buyers’ ratio of lottery buying money per month was higher than that of the higher income ones. 4. Chinese high addictive lottery buyers’ characteristics were middle-aged, married, low educational and low-income males . 5. Lottery buyers’ buying behavior is reinforced with lottery winning ratio during the first lottery buying . The addictive tendency of lottery buying is unrelated with the length of lottery buying experience. 6. External control, negative coping style and education level, are associated with the high addictive lottery buying behavior.

我国购彩者认知偏差和成瘾倾向量表编制及其关系探讨

我国彩票事业发展20年以来，随着电脑型彩票销量的迅速增长，由彩票引发的问题行为逐渐引起社会普遍关注。相关研究发现，认知偏差是问题购彩发展和维持的一个重要影响因素，本研究在编制适用于我国购彩者的认知偏差和成瘾倾向量表的基础上，考察购彩者的认知偏差以及认知偏差对成瘾倾向的影响作用。 研究结果如下： 1． 在购彩者深度访谈和文献查阅的基础上，编制购彩者认知偏差量表和成瘾倾向量表，经过项目分析、信效度分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，结果显示各项指标基本符合统计学要求。 2． 行为分析和量表得分显示，我国电脑型彩票购买者存在一定程度的认知偏差，包括沉没成本、过度自信、关系错觉、控制幻想、赌徒谬误等等。 3． 认知偏差的高低与年龄、受教育程度、参与的游戏种类、购彩经历、购彩动机等因素有关。年龄越大、受教育程度越低的购彩者认知偏差得分越高；以中大奖为购彩动机的购彩者认知偏差高于奉献爱心者，以娱乐为动机的购彩者认知偏差得分最低。 4． 认知偏差对购彩成瘾倾向的影响作用显著，其中控制幻想和关系错觉对成瘾倾向具有直接影响，而赌徒谬误和乐观预期对成瘾倾向的间接影响通过控制幻想和关系错觉起作用。