Existence of the transverse relaxation time in optically excited bulk semiconductors

Two basic types of depolarization mechanisms, carrier-carrier (CC) and carrier-phonon (CP) scattering, are investigated in optically excited bulk semiconductors (3D), in which the existence of the transverse relaxation time is proven based on the vector property of the interband transition matrix elements. The dephasing rates for both CC and CP scattering are determined to be equal to one half of the total scattering-rate-integrals weighted by the factors (1 - cos chi), where chi are the scattering angles. Analytical expressions of the polarization dephasing due to CC scattering are established by using an uncertainty broadening approach, and analytical ones due to both the polar optical-phonon and non-polar deformation potential scattering (including inter-valley scattering) are also presented by using the sharp spectral functions in the dephasing rate calculations. These formulas, which reveal the trivial role of the Coulomb screening effect in the depolarization processes, are used to explain the experimental results at hand and provide a clear physical picture that is difficult to extract from numerical treatments.

Coherent classical-path description of deep tunneling

A central challenge to the semiclassical description of quantum mechanics is the quantum phenomenon of "deep" tunneling. Here we show that real time classical trajectories suffice to account correctly even for deep quantum tunneling, using a recently formulated semiclassical initial value representation series of the quantum propagator and a prefactor free semiclassical propagator. Deep quantum tunneling is effected through what we term as coherent classical paths which are composed of one or more classical trajectories that lead from reactant to product but are discontinuous along the way. The end and initial phase space points of consecutive classical trajectories contributing to the coherent path are close to each other in the sense that the distance between them is weighted by a coherent state overlap matrix element. Results are presented for thermal and energy dependent tunneling through a symmetric Eckart barrier.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF LANTHANUM AND SUM OF OTHER LIGHT RARE-EARTHS BY FLEXIBLE TOLERANCE SIMPLEX-METHOD

The absorptivities of color elements in a mixture can be obtained by using Gauas' elimination with selection of principal element in matrix to the standards. These values can be applied to flexible tolerance simplex method to give the composition of samples. In the exprimental design and data treatment, an effort was made to minimize the errors of results according the principal of optimization. When the difference of absorptivities of color material is significant to the exprimental error, the pr...

Coherent enhancement of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal by shaping femtosecond laser pulses

An optimal feedback control of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal is experimentally demonstrated by shaping femto-second laser pulses based on genetic algorithm, and the frequency up-conversion efficiency can be enhanced by similar to 16%. SPIDER results show that the optimal laser pulses have shorter pulse-width with the little negative chirp than the original pulse with the little positive chirp. By modulating the fundamental spectral phase with periodic square distribution on SLM-256, the frequency up-conversion can be effectively controlled by the factor of about 17%. The experimental results indicate that the broadband frequency up-conversion efficiency is related to both of second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG), where the former depends on the fundamental pulse intensity, and the latter depends on not only the fundamental pulse intensity but also the fundamental pulse spectral phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Weighted least-squares phase unwrapping algorithm based on derivative variance correlation map

Among different phase unwrapping approaches, the weighted least-squares minimization methods are gaining attention. In these algorithms, weighting coefficient is generated from a quality map. The intrinsic drawbacks of existing quality maps constrain the application of these algorithms. They often fail to handle wrapped phase data contains error sources, such as phase discontinuities, noise and undersampling. In order to deal with those intractable wrapped phase data, a new weighted least-squares phase unwrapping algorithm based on derivative variance correlation map is proposed. In the algorithm, derivative variance correlation map, a novel quality map, can truly reflect wrapped phase quality, ensuring a more reliable unwrapped result. The definition of the derivative variance correlation map and the principle of the proposed algorithm are present in detail. The performance of the new algorithm has been tested by use of a simulated spherical surface wrapped data and an experimental interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) wrapped data. Computer simulation and experimental results have verified that the proposed algorithm can work effectively even when a wrapped phase map contains intractable error sources. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Calculation of light delay for coupled microrings by FDTD technique and Pade approximation

The Pade approximation with Baker's algorithm is compared with the least-squares Prony method and the generalized pencil-of-functions (GPOF) method for calculating mode frequencies and mode Q factors for coupled optical microdisks by FDTD technique. Comparisons of intensity spectra and the corresponding mode frequencies and Q factors show that the Pade approximation can yield more stable results than the Prony and the GPOF methods, especially the intensity spectrum. The results of the Prony method and the GPOF method are greatly influenced by the selected number of resonant modes, which need to be optimized during the data processing, in addition to the length of the time response signal. Furthermore, the Pade approximation is applied to calculate light delay for embedded microring resonators from complex transmission spectra obtained by the Pade approximation from a FDTD output. The Prony and the GPOF methods cannot be applied to calculate the transmission spectra, because the transmission signal obtained by the FDTD simulation cannot be expressed as a sum of damped complex exponentials. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Application of multi-weighted neuron for iris recognition

In this paper, from the cognition science point of view, we constructed a neuron of multi-weighted neural network, and proposed a new method for iris recognition based on multi-weighted neuron. In this method, irises are trained as "cognition" one class by one class, and it doesn't influence the original recognition knowledge for samples of the new added class. The results of experiments show the correct rejection rate is 98.9%, the correct cognition rate and the error recognition rate are 95.71% and 3.5% respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the correct rejection rate of the test samples excluded in the classes of training samples is very high. It proves the proposed method for iris recognition is effective.

Finite-difference time-domain analysis of deformed square cavity filters with a traveling-wave-like filtering response by mode coupling

An add-drop filter based on a perfect square resonator can realize a maximum of only 25% power dropping because the confined modes are standing-wave modes. By means of mode coupling between two modes with inverse symmetry properties, a traveling-wave-like filtering response is obtained in a two-dimensional single square cavity filter with cut or circular corners by finite-difference time-domain simulation. The optimized deformation parameters for an add-drop filter can be accurately predicted as the overlapping point of the two coupling modes in an isolated deformed square cavity. More than 80% power dropping can be obtained in a deformed square cavity filter with a side length of 3.01 mu m. The free spectral region is decided by the mode spacing between modes, with the sum of the mode indices differing by 1. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance in Relativistic Continuum Random Phase Approximation

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in nuclei is studied in the framework of a fully consistent relativistic continuum random phase approximation (RCRPA). In this method the contribution of the continuum spectrum to nuclear excitations is treated exactly by the single particle Green's function technique. The negative energy states in the Dirac sea are also included in the single particle Green's function in the no-sea approximation. The single particle Green's function is calculated numerically by a proper product of the regular and irregular solutions of the Dirac equation. The strength distributions in the RCRPA calculations, the inverse energy-weighted sum rule m(-1) and the centroid energy of the ISGMR in Sn-120 and Pb-208 are analysed. Numerical results of the RCRPA are checked with the constrained relativistic mean field model and relativistic random phase approximation with a discretized spectrum in the continuum. Good agreement between them is achieved.

Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from pygmy resonances in Ni-68 and Sn-132

Correlations between the behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy, the neutron skins, and the percentage of energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) exhausted by the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in Ni-68 and Sn-132 are investigated by using different random phase approximation (RPA) models for the dipole response, based on a representative set of Skyrme effective forces plus meson-exchange effective Lagrangians. A comparison with the experimental data has allowed us to constrain the value of the derivative of the symmetry energy at saturation. The neutron skin radius is deduced under this constraint.

Relativistic Continuum Random Phase Approximation and Applications II. Applications

The fully consistent relativistic continuum random phase approximation (RCRPA) has been constructed in the momentum representation in the first part of this paper. In this part we describe the numerical details for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The numerical results are checked by the inverse energy weighted sum rules in the isoscalar giant monopole resonance, which are obtained from the constraint relativistic mean field theory and also calculated with the integration of the RCRPA strengths. Good agreement between the misachieved. We study the effects of the self-consistency violation, particularly the currents and Coulomb interaction to various collective multipole excitations. Using the fully consistent RCRPA method, we investigate the properties of isoscalar and isovector collective multipole excitations for some stable and exotic from light to heavy nuclei. The properties of the resonances, such as the centroid energies and strength distributions are compared with the experimental data as well as with results calculated in other models.