53 resultados para Vorstius, Conradus, 1569-1622.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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利用数值摄动的思想发展了对流扩散(CD)方程的摄动有限差分(PFD)格式,局部线化可获得摄动准确解(PENS)格式。把格式中的指数函数按网格雷诺数的幂级数展开,能够给出PENS格式的各阶近似,即各阶PFD格式。文中构造了一维CD方程的PENS及二阶PFD格式以及二维CD方程的二阶PFD格式,并利用二阶精度的PFD格式计算了一维CD方程、方腔流动和前、后台阶绕流流动等算例。计算给出了准确度较高的数值结果。

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对非线性系统提出了高精度的精细积分任意项外插多步法的计算公式。本方法只需增加插值项数即可提高计算精度,同时不会增加过大的计算量,发展完善了精细积分法。将本方法应用于混沌方程中,取得了较好的效果。数值计算结果表明,该方法是一种高精度、高效率的方法,在求解混沌系统上比传统方法有很大的优势。

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A simple geometry model for tortuosity of flow path in porous media is proposed based on the assumption that some particles in a porous medium are unrestrictedly overlapped and the others are not. The proposed model is expressed as a function of porosity and there is no empirical constant in this model. The model predictions are compared with those from available correlations obtained numerically and experimentally, both of which are in agreement with each other. The present model can also give the tortuosity with a good approximation near the percolation threshold. The validity of the present tortuosity model is thus verified.

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We propose a sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer for measuring small angular displacement. The interferometer is based on a Fabry-Perot plate. It has a simple structure and is insensitive to external disturbance. Sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometry is used for improving the measurement accuracy. A charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor is used for measuring the distance between the reflected beams from two faces of the Fabry-Perot plate. From the distance, the initial angle of incidence is calculated. Compared with Michelson interferometers and autocollimators, this interferometer has the advantage of compact size and simple structure. The numerical calculation and experimental results verify the usefulness of this novel interferometer. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

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实现了一种新型的激光脉冲整形系统,该系统使用了一个由孔径耦合带状线(ACSL)电脉冲整形器驱动的电光调制器。一个电脉冲整形器由两条通过其公共接地板上的耦合孔径发生耦合作用的带状传输线所组成的四端口装置。更换具有不同耦合孔径的公共接地板,该电脉冲整形发生器可以具有150ps时间结构的任意整形电脉冲。将任意整形的电脉冲输入到电光调制器上,就可以得到任意整形的激光脉冲。利用该系统,激光脉冲整形系统能够产生具有150ps前后沿,1~3ns脉冲宽度可调、高对比度、光滑过渡以及任意整形的激光脉冲。

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The LB films and spin-coated films of tetra-neopentoxy phthalocyanine zinc (TNPPcZn) were prepared and annealed at different temperatures. Their refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were measured by p-polarized reflectance. The similar value of n and k, as well as similar changing tendency of it and k at varied annealing temperatures, was found between LB films and spin-coated films. In addition, the absorption curves of TNPPcZn LB films and spin-coated films in visible range at different annealing temperature were investigated. The results indicate that the changing tendency of the extinction coefficient of two kinds of TNPPcZn films obtained from two methods mentioned above were coincident. When the annealing temperature increased to 150 degrees C, the monomers of TNPPcZn films transformed to aggregates, n(f) and k(f) of the films increased. Further, n(f) and k(f) decreased as aggregates changed back to monomers again at the annealing temperature of 300 degrees C. The experimental results coincide well with the theoretical analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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存在明显的季节性干旱的实验地的自然生境(无遮荫不补水处理)对于1年生紫茎泽兰来说具有胁迫作用,而对于本地草本植物群落来说,这样的季节性干旱并不存在胁迫作用;在单层遮荫不补水的处理中,紫茎泽兰具有竞争优势,而单层遮荫补水处理对紫茎泽兰的竞争不利。在双层遮荫补水的处理中,紫茎泽兰表现出对本地植物较大的相对竞争优势,但双层覆盖对于二者的生长均构成了较严重的胁迫。 在无覆盖不补水的处理中,紫茎泽兰定居期的死亡率最高,而定居后的生长指标(平均高和平均单株干重)在补水和不补水条件之间没有明显差异;在双层覆盖条件下,紫茎泽兰存活率在补水和不补水条件下,绝对值都较高,而平均单株干重在补水和不补水条件下都比较低;在单层覆盖条件下,紫茎泽兰存活率在补水和不补水条件下都较高,紫茎泽兰的平均高和平均单株干重在不补水处理都显著高于补水处理,而且明显高于其他不覆盖、双层覆盖的补水和不补水处理。说明在实验地的自然生境中,本地群落对紫茎泽兰早期(侵入定居)具有一定的抵抗力,但在这样的生境中的本地植物群落对紫茎泽兰的后期(定居之后)的发展的抵抗力较低;双层覆盖条件(相当于郁闭度高的林下生境)对紫茎泽兰的早期侵入定居虽然抵抗力较差,但是对紫茎泽兰的后期(定居之后)的发展具有较强的抑制作用;单层覆盖条件(相当于受到人畜干扰的郁闭度较低的林下生境)下,本地群落对紫茎泽兰早期侵入定居和后期(定居之后)的发展抵抗力都很低,这一结果提醒我们,紫茎泽兰易于侵入受到过人为干扰的郁闭度较低的林下生境并产生严重危害。 刈割干扰对紫茎泽兰的入侵具有明显的促进作用,高强度刈割的促进作用主要体现在促进紫茎泽兰的个体生长速度和群体生物量上,但低强度刈割的促进作用主要体现在入侵定居的个体数量和群体生物量上。低强度刈割处理中的紫茎泽兰的密度为高强度刈割处理的5倍,单位面积上的紫茎泽兰的生物量最高,达到高强度刈割处理的2.5倍,可见对于紫茎泽兰的入侵而言,低强度的刈割干扰比高强度刈割干扰具有更大的促进作用。 本地植物雀麦、豆科植物、鱼眼草和香薷在与紫茎泽兰混栽后,它们的根际土壤微生物群落结构与紫茎泽兰根际土壤微生物相似性更高,而偏相关分析结果表明,豆科植物和鱼眼草的根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化与它们的生物量生长具有一定的关联性,而对于雀麦和香薷的根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化与它们的生物量生长的关联性不明显,说明紫茎泽兰入侵本地植物群落后可以对生态系统的土壤微生物群落结构造成较大的影响,而微生物的改变并不是对所有的本地植物来说都是非常严峻的。虽然我们实验中的4种本地植物中只有2种本地植物的生长表现出与其根际土壤微生物变化的显著相关性,但这对于本地植物群落已经是非常严重的威胁。

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国家自然科学基金和云南省自然科学基金资助

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金线鲃属分布于中国云贵高原及周边地区,包括10多种适应于洞穴生活、具有不同程度眼睛和色素退化的典型洞穴鱼类.迄今为止,金线鲃属的系统发育关系还存在很大争议.我们获得了34种金线鲃属鱼类及外类群的细胞色素b和ND4基因序列,用贝叶斯联合模型分析数据,重建了金线鲃属的系统发育关系;并用松散分子钟估算了本属及内部分支的起源时间.金线鲃属的单系性得到强烈的支持,本属可分为6个分支.此外,本研究结果还支持洞穴物种的多系起源假说以及季氏金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus jii)的基部位置.松散分子钟估算表明,