The Effects of Visual Object Size in The Depth Perception in KM Mouse

Whether mice perceive the depth of space dependent on the visual size of object targets was explored when visual cues such as perspective and partial occlusion in space were excluded. A mouse was placed on a platform the height of which is adjustable. The platform located inside a box in which all other walls were dark exception its bottom through that light was projected as a sole visual cue. The visual object cue was composed of 4x4 grids to allow a mouse estimating the distance of the platform relative to the grids. Three sizes of grids reduced in a proportion of 2/3 and seven distances with an equal interval between the platform and the grids at the bottom were applied in the experiments. The duration of a mouse staying on the platform at each height was recorded when the different sizes of the grids were presented randomly to test whether the Judgment of the mouse for the depth of the platform from the bottom was affected by the size information of the visual target. The results from all conditions of three object sizes show that time of mice staying on the platform became longer with the increase in height. In distance of 20 similar to 30 cm, the mice did not use the size information of a target to judge the depth, while mainly used the information of binocular disparity. In distance less than 20 cm or more than 30 cm, however, especially in much higher distance 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm, the mice were able to use the size information to do so in order to compensate the lack of binocular disparity information from both eyes. Because the mice have only 1/3 of the visual field that is binocular. This behavioral paradigm established in the current study is a useful model and can be applied to the experiments using transgenic mouse as an animal model to investigate the relationships between behaviors and gene functions.

Visual Basic在油藏数值模拟中的应用

随着油藏数值模拟技术的发展以及油藏数值模拟软件的不断改进和完善,油藏数值模拟软件在油田开发中的应用越来越广泛。对油藏数值模拟软件计算出的数据进行整理不仅枯燥而且花费了大量时间。本文利用Visual Basic语言编制了处理ECLIPSE软件生成的油气田开发指标数据软件(RSMAN)。该软件方便了油气田开发指标的整理和汇总,软件界面友好,操作简单。

Visual C++ 6.0学习教程

MicrosoftVisualC十十6.0作为Microsoft Visual Studio的重要组成部分，包含了迄今为止功能最为强大的基于Windows的应用框架，在同类产品中处于领先地位。VisualC十十6.0是Microsoft迄今为止最全面、最完善的程序开发工具，为了适应各种编程风格，该软件提供了各种各样的辅助工具，在发挥编程能力和提高灵活性方面达到了空前的水平。与以往VisualC十十的各种版本相比较，VisualC十十6.0在编程环境、程序语言技术等方面做了许多改进，从而使VisualC十十更加适合专业程序员快速进行应用程序的开发。

本书内容丰富、图文并茂，是一本适合各种读者学习VisualC十十6.0的优秀参考书。

目 录
第一章 VisualC十十6.0简介及安装
1.1VisualC十十6.0新特性
1.2viSualC十十6.0开发环境简介
1.3如何学习使用VisualC十十6.0
1.4VisualC十十6.0的安装
第二章 走进C十十的世界
2.1类和对象的简介
2.2继承和多态性――一个具体的例子
2.3内嵌对象
2.4在栈中申请对象
2.5全程对象的申请
2.6对象之间的相互关系――指针数据成员
2.7this指针的使用
2.8对指针的引用
2.9友元类和友元函数
2.10静态类成员
2.11重载运算符
2.12从代码中分离出类定义
2.13匈牙利表示法
第三章 VisualC十十6.0的编程环境
3.1VisualC十十6.0主窗口
3.2VisualC十十6.0工具栏
3.3VisualC十十6.0菜单栏
3.4项目与项目工作区
3.5资源与资源编辑器
第四章 编一个最简单的VC十十程序
4.1什么是AppWizard？
4.2迎接你的第一个AppWizard程序
4.3“Iamaprogrammer.”在哪儿？
第五章 程序框架入门
5.1一个简化过的程序框架
5.2WinMain（）：第一个动作
5.3登记窗口类
5.4创建一个窗口
5.5显示窗口
5.6显示出那条消息
5.7窗口类与窗口对象
第六章 消息循环
6.1在消息循环中兜圈子
6.2对事件做出响应：WindowFun（）
6.3响应不同的消息
6.4现在你还跟得上吗？
6.5设备界面进行交互
第七章 精通程序框架
7.1WinMain（）函数在哪儿？
7.2应用程序框架和源文件
7.3工具条、状态条和打印等选项
7.4程序的控制流程
第八章 使用classWizard编程
8.1使用ClassWizard添加消息处理函数
8.2classWizard功能介绍
8.3传送鼠标消息
8.4保存鼠标绘图的信息
第九章 视图与文档
9.1Document－View模式
9.2从视图中分离出文档
9.3保存文档
9.4再访MyProg2.cpp
第十章 对象连接与嵌入（OLE）及其自动化
10.1公共对象模式（COM）
10.2类厂（classfactory）
10.3OLE自动化
10.4IDispatch接口
第十一章 动态连接库（DLLs）
11.1为什么使用DLL
11.2传统的DLL
11.3MFC库DLL
11.4MyProg4A――编写自己的类库扩展DLL
11.5MyProg4B――使用MFC库扩展DLL
11.6资源访问
第十二章 图形设备接口
12.1设备环境类
12.2GDI对象
12.3Windows的颜色映射
12.4映射方式
12.5字体
12.6MyProg3例程序
12.7MyProg3B程序
12.8MyPr0g3C例程序――使用CScrollView
第十三章 对话框
13.1在状态条上显示对话控件的帮助信息
13.2利用Fi1eOpen通用对话框打开多个文件
13.3定制通用文件对话框
13.4扩展和缩减一个对话框
13.5显示一个模式或无模式对话框
13.6编写定制的DDX/DDV例程
第十四章 剖析工具Spy十＋
14.1窗体
14.2消息
14.3进程与线程
第十五章 代码调试
15.1TRACE
15.2调试框架
15.3自我诊断
15.4调试代码的作用
15.5用Dump（）显示对象的信息
15.6检查内存

Visual pattern recognition network: Its training algorithm and its optoelectronic architecture

A visual pattern recognition network and its training algorithm are proposed. The network constructed of a one-layer morphology network and a two-layer modified Hamming net. This visual network can implement invariant pattern recognition with respect to image translation and size projection. After supervised learning takes place, the visual network extracts image features and classifies patterns much the same as living beings do. Moreover we set up its optoelectronic architecture for real-time pattern recognition. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America

AIDS 免疫治疗相关腺病毒载体的构建

艾滋病（AIDS）是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染后引起的一种严重危害人类健 康的致死性传染病。抗HIV 药物挽救和延长了很多HIV 感染者的生命，提高了其生活 质量，但是仍然不能治愈AIDS 和预防传播。最终有效控制HIV 传播和感染的方法可能 仍将依赖于HIV 疫苗的应用。HIV 感染对感染者以及社会造成的灾难性后果使得发展 一个有效的艾滋病疫苗变得尤为紧迫和重要。 负载HIV-1 抗原的DC 回输到HIV-1 感染者体内可以诱导产生较强的抗HIV-1 细 胞免疫反应，这种免疫反应理论上和临床试验都表明治疗AIDS 有效，而且对HARRT 治疗能够产生很好的协同作用。我们拟用感染了重组腺病毒的DC，回输到HIV-1 感染 者体内，期望可以较好地控制病毒复制和阻止感染。为此，本研究我们制备了重组腺病 毒vAd-gp140、vAd-tat 和vAd-gp140-tat，为后续研究奠定基础。 结构蛋白Env 是激发抗体反应的抗原，由于Env 全长有较大细胞毒性，本文采用 了截短的gp140 分子，删除了gp41 的胞内段，降低了gp140 蛋白的细胞毒性。同时保 留了gp41 的跨膜区，表达的蛋白可被正确地锚定在细胞表面，提高蛋白的免疫原性。 将gp140 分子克隆到复制缺陷型的腺病毒载体中，用Wester Blotting 方法检测到gp140 在293 细胞中的表达。 有效的抗 HIV-1 的疫苗应该能够同时激发针对多种亚型病毒株的细胞和体液免疫 反应。早期病毒蛋白激发的CTL 应答在控制病毒载量上更为有效，而且Tat 蛋白的重 要免疫抗原表位和功能区域在不同HIV-1 病毒株之间是高度保守的。Tat 蛋白的多种生 物学功能使得它成为较强的免疫原、共抗原和佐剂，激发T 细胞抗原表位的Th1 型反 应和CTL 反应，扩大体内T 细胞识别的抗原表位谱，提高T 细胞特异性免疫反应。本 文扩增了HIV-1ⅢB 的tat 基因，克隆到复制缺陷性的腺病毒中，构建了重组腺病毒 vAd-tat，并在293 细胞中表达了分子量大小为15kDa 的蛋白。早期蛋白和结构蛋白的联合免疫能够全面地控制病毒复制，在动物实验中一定程度 上保护了猴子。我们将已得到表达的gp140 和tat 基因进行融合表达。利用融合PCR 技 术，扩增gp140 和tat 的融合基因，构建携有HIV-1 gp140-tat 融合基因的重组腺病毒 vAd-gp140-tat。gp140-tat 在293 细胞中的融合表达还需要进一步验证。 下一步的工作是将构建好的重组腺病毒感染DC，检测外源基因在DC 中的表达水 平，对DC 表面分子表型的影响以及对DC 功能的影响。

猕猴MHC研究及在AIDS动物模型中的意义

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是与免疫应答和移植排斥直接相关的一组基因群.由于MHC高度的多态性,使其在脊椎动物的免疫遗传、进化、保护以及与疾病的相关性等方面的研究倍受关注.猕猴MHC尤其是MHC Ⅰ类基因的组成与人类有显著差异,一个单体型中存在多个Mamu-A和Mamu-B基因.在猕猴AIDS模型中,MHC对病毒的免疫逃逸以及对AIDS疫苗的研究均有十分重要的作用,某些MHC Ⅰ类和MHCⅡ类基因能够显著延缓猕猴AIDS疾病的进展,为在人体中理解MHCⅠ类等位基因与免疫保护和控制病毒复制的相关性提供了一个良好的模型.

人类AIDS 的研究替身———非人灵长类动物模型

　非人灵长类动物模型在艾滋病发病机理、传播途径、免疫反应以及疫苗开发药物治疗等方面的研究具有重要作 用。根据不同的免疫缺陷病毒感染不同的灵长类动物,可将这一模型分为不同的种类, 其中HIV/ 黑猩猩模型、SIV/ 猕猴模型和SHIV/ 猕猴模型是目前应用最为广泛的模型。这几种模型都各有其优缺点,本文将简单介绍这几种艾滋 病非人灵长类动物模型的研究概况。

树突状细胞在AIDS灵长类动物模型疾病进程中的作用

非人灵长类动物模型在艾滋病(AIDS)发病机制、传播途径、疫苗和药物等方面的研究中具有重要作用。树突状细胞(DC)作为最重要连接先天免疫与获得性免疫的抗原递呈细胞,在AIDS发病进程中扮演着重要的角色。研究非人灵长类AIDS动物模型中DC亚群数量、表型以及功能的变化,对揭示AIDS发病机制具有十分重要的意义。该文将重点总结近些年来DC亚群在AIDS动物模型发病机制中的作用研究进展,为以后的研究提供思路。

The computer simulation of primate (Macaca mulatta) spatial visual delayed response and cerebral prefrontal control function

Cerebral prefrontal function is one of the important aspects in neurobiology. Based on the experimental results of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, behavioral sciences, and the principles of cybernetics and information theory after constructed a simple model simulating prefrontal control function, this paper simulated the behavior of Macaca mulatta completing delayed tasks both before and after its cerebral prefrontal cortex being damaged. The results indicated that there is an obvious difference in the capacity of completing delayed response tasks for the normal monkeys and those of prefrontal cortex cut away. The results are agreement with experiments. The authors suggest that the factors of affecting complete delayed response tasks might be in information keeping and extracting of memory including information storing, keeping and extracting procedures rather than in information storing process.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LESIONS OF AREA-7 OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX ON THE SHORT-TERM VISUAL SPATIAL MEMORY OF RHESUS-MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA)

This research is focused on the contribution of area 7 to the short-term visual spatial memory. Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained in the direct delayed response task in which 5 delay intervals were used in each session. When each monkey reached the criterion of 90% correct responses in 5 successive sessions, two monkeys underwent a surgery while the other one received a sham operation as a control. In the first stage of the surgery, bilateral areas 7a, 7b and 7ip of the parietal cortex of two monkeys were precisely lesioned. After 7 days of recuperation, the monkeys were required to do the same task. The average percentage of correct responses in the lesioned animals decreased from 94.7% to 89.3% and 93.3% to 82.0% respectively (no significance, P > 0.05, n = 2). In addition, the monkeys' complex movements were mildly impaired. The lesioned monkeys were found to have difficulty picking up food from the wells. In the second stage, bilateral area 7m was lesioned. In the 5 postoperative sessions, the average percentage of correct responses in one monkey, with a relatively precise 7m lesion, decreased from 94.7% to 92.2% (no significance, P > 0.05), while the other monkey, with widely spread necrosis of lateral parietal cortex, showed an. obvious decline in performance, but still over the chance level. After 240 trials this monkey reattained the normal criterion. The results of this research suggest that the lesions of area 7 of the parietal cortex did not significantly affect the short-term visual spatial memory, which has been shown to be sensitive to lesions of the prefrontal cortex; they also support the notion of dissociation of spatial functions in the prefrontal and parietal cortices.

GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys

Human cerebral cortical function degrades during old age. Much of this change may result from a degradation of intracortical inhibition during senescence. We used multibarreled microelectrodes to study the effects of electrophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA type a (GABAa) receptor agonist muscimol, and the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, respectively, on the properties of individual V1 cells in old monkeys. Bicuculline exerted a much weaker effect on neuronal responses in old than in young animals, confirming a degradation of GABA-mediated inhibition. On the other hand, the administration of GABA and muscimol resulted in improved visual function. Many treated cells in area V1 of old animals displayed responses typical of young cells. The present results have important implications for the treatment of the sensory, motor, and cognitive declines that accompany old age.

Telemetric recordings of single neuron activity and visual scenes in monkeys walking in an open field

This paper describes a portable recording system and methods for obtaining chronic recordings of single units and tracking rhesus monkey behavior in an open field. The integrated system consists of four major components: (1) microelectrode assembly; (2) h

Spatial and temporal sensitivity degradation of primary visual cortical cells in senescent rhesus monkeys

Human visual function declines with age. Much of this decline is mediated by changes in the central visual pathways. In this study we compared the spatial and temporal sensitivities of striate cortical cells in young and old paralysed macaque monkeys. Ext