Study of the transmitter antenna gain for intersatellite laser communications

The gain of a transmitter for intersatellite communications is closely related to the performance of all the links. We calculate the transmitter telescope's gain with the help of the rigorous scalar diffraction theory and equivalent optical layout method. Furthermore, a comparison is performed with the conventional imaging method. The results show that the stop inside the telescope can affect the gain of the telescope. Finally, the gain is calculated under the condition of the aberrations. We find that different aberrations cause different effects. (C) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Study of the transmitter antenna gain for intersatellite laser communications

The gain of a transmitter for intersatellite communications is closely related to the performance of all the links. We calculate the transmitter telescope's gain with the help of the rigorous scalar diffraction theory and equivalent optical layout method. Furthermore, a comparison is performed with the conventional imaging method. The results show that the stop inside the telescope can affect the gain of the telescope. Finally, the gain is calculated under the condition of the aberrations. We find that different aberrations cause different effects. (C) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Terahertz pulse generation with LT-GaAs photoconductive antenna

Low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) of 1-um thickness was grown at 250 degrees C on semi-insulating GaAs (001) substrate using EPI GEN-II solid-source MBE system. The sample was then in situ annealed for 10 min at 600 degrees C under As-rich condition. THz emitters were fabricated on this LTGaAs with three different photoconductive dipole antenna gaps of 1-mm, 3-mm, and 5-mm, respectively. The spectral bandwidth of 2.75 THz was obtaind with time domain spectroscopy. It is found that THz emission efficiency is increased with decreasing antenna gap. Two carrier lifetimes, 0.469 ps and 3.759 ps, were obtained with time-resolved transient reflection-type pump-probe spectroscopy.

Picosecond ultra-wideband short pulse radiated by antenna arrays

This report presents the experiments to study the characteristics of the picosecond ultra-wideband pulses coherent radiation. The testing involves bow-tie horn antennas for both the transninting and receiving antenna. Sixteen channels of electrical pulses with 290 ps duration and jitter < 30 ps have been used. The antenna arrays with various frames of 4 x 1, 4 x 2, 4 x 3, 4 x 4 are employed to radiate the pulses. The receiving antenna measures the electrical field in different distance front the transmitting antennas arrant The results show that if the pulses are in coherent condition, the peak power pulse of output by antennas array with N elements are N-2 of that of the single element antenna. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Near-Space Wide-Swath Radar Imaging With Multiaperture Antenna

Near-space, defined as the altitude region between 20 and 100 km, offers many capabilities that are not accessible for low Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites or airplanes because it is above storm and not constrained by orbital mechanics and high fuel consumption. Hence, a high flying speed can be obtained for the maneuvering vehicles operating in near-space. This offers a promising solution to simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. As such, one near-space wide-swath SAR imaging technique is presented in this letter. The system configuration, signal model, and imaging scheme are described. An example near-space SAR system is designed, and its imaging performance is analyzed. Simulation results show that near-space maneuvering vehicle SAR indeed seems to be a promising solution to wide-swath SAR imaging.

Jet:progress in performance and understanding

In 1990 JET operated with a number of technical improvements which led to advances in performance and permitted the carrying out of experiments specifically aimed at improving physics understanding of selected topics relevant to the "NEXT STEP". The new facilities include beryllium antenna screens, a prototype lower hybrid current drive system, and modification of the NI system to enable the injection of He-3 and He-4. Continued investigation of the hot-ion H-mode produced a value of n(D)(0)tau-E(T)(i)(0) = 9 x 10(20)m-3s keV, which is near conditions required for Q(DT) = 1, while a new peaked density profile H-mode was developed with only slightly lower performance. Progress towards steady state operation has been made by achieving ELMy H-modes under certain operating conditions, while maintaining good tau-E values. Experimental simulation of He ash transport indicates effective removal of alpha-particles from the plasma core for both L and H mode plasmas. Detailed analyses of particle and energy transport have helped establish a firmer link between particle and energy transport, and have suggested a connection between reduced energy transport and reversed shear. Numerical and analytic studies of divertor physics carried out for the pumped divertor phase of JET have helped clarify the key parameters governing impurity retention, and an intensive model validation effort has begun. Experimental simulation of alpha-particle effects with beta-fast up to 8% have shown that the slowing down processes are classical, and have given no evidence of deleterious collective effects.

Heating, current drive and confinement regimes with the JET ICRH and lhcd systems

During its 1990 operation, 2 large RF systems were available on JET. The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) system was equipped with new beryllium screens and with feedback matching systems. Specific impurities generated by ICRH were reduced to negligible levels even in the most stringent H-mode conditions. A maximum power of 22 MW was coupled to L-mode plasmas. High quality H-modes (tau-E greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 tau-EG) were achieved using dipole phasing. A new high confinement mode was discovered. It combines the properties of the H-mode regime to the low central diffusivities obtained by pellet injection. A value of n(d) tau-E T(i) = 7.8 x 10(20) m-3 s keV was obtained in this mode with T(e) approximately T(i) approximately 11 keV. In the L-mode regime, a regime, a record (140 kW) D-He-3 fusion power was generated with 10 - 14 MW of ICRH at the He-3 cyclotron frequency. Experiments were performed with the prototype launcher of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) systems with coupled power up to 1.6 MW with current drive efficiencies up to < n(e) > R I(CD)/P = 0.4 x 10(20) m-2 A/W. Fast electrons are driven by LHCD to tail temperatures of 100 keV with a hollow radial profile. Paradoxically, LHCD induces central heating particularly in combination with ICRH. Finally we present the first observations of the synergistic acceleration of fast electrons by Transit Time Magnetic Pumping (TTMP) (from ICRH) and Electron Landau Damping (ELD) (from LHCD). The synergism generates TTMP current drive even without phasing the ICRH antennae.

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅰ):离焦和相位偏置望远镜接收天线

把合成孔径激光成像雷达的目标衍射区分为三个区域,提出采用离焦或者附加空间相位调制板的光学接收望远镜补偿回波像差。当目标处于菲涅耳衍射区时可采用离焦或偏置望远镜补偿回波二次项离焦像差并产生用于孔径合成的二次项相位历程;目标处于夫琅和费衍射区时可以采用离焦或偏置望远镜补偿回波二次项离焦像差但不产生相位历程;目标处于瑞利-索末菲衍射区域时不可能补偿回波高阶像差。

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅱ):空间相位偏置发射望远镜

报道一种可以进行空间相位偏置的光学望远镜,用作合成孔径激光成像雷达中的光学发射天线。在望远镜内放置相位调制平板,控制望远镜的离焦量和位相调制平板的相位函数,能够在激光望远镜的照明区产生可控制的附加空间相位二次项,灵活改变激光照明波前,以在目标回波接收信号中产生雷达运动方向上的所需的二次项相位历程,因此能够实现特定的方位向成像分辨率。

捕光叶绿素a/b蛋白复合体LHCP-II和LHCP-I在类囊体膜中的模向迁移及其对激发能在两个光系统间分配的影响

本文主要研究了Mg2+对LHCP－II和LHCP－I在基粒膜与基质膜之间横向迁移的作用及其对激发能在两个光系统间分配的影响，进一步证实和发展了Kyle等提出的移动天线色素假说（mobile antenna hypothesis）。揭示了二价金属阳离子使激发能有利于向光系统II（PSII）分配，而不利于向光系统I（PSI）分配的生化基础。 用毛地黄皂（Digitonin）方法分离了悬浮在低渗、低浓度一价金属阳离子介质中的小麦类囊体的基粒膜与基质膜，结果发现，事先用5m MMgol2预处理过的类囊体，其基质膜比未处理的有较高的叶绿素a/b比值，基粒膜的叶绿素a/b比值变化不大。 低温荧光（77K）发射光谱表明，mg2+处理能增强类囊体膜和基粒膜的687nm荧光发射峰，降低F741/F687比值。除此以外，在对照的基质膜里还发现F687-向F688以及F741向F738的位移。 解垛叠及Mg~(2+)诱导的重垛叠实验表明，低温荧光F741/F687比值在解垛叠进程中上升，而在重垛叠过程中，F741／F687比值下降。 湿和的SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明，Mg2+处理使LHCP寡聚体解聚成单体，类囊体膜凝胶柱上LHCP寡聚体的含量减少，单体的含量增加。基质膜的电泳分析发现，Mg2+处理促时了LHCP从富含PSI的基质区向富含PSII的基粒膜区的迁移。同时还证明，不仅LHCP－II，LHCP－I也能向基粒膜区迁移。 进一步用梯度胶分析基粒膜与基质膜的多肽组成，发现经Mg2+处理的基质膜中相应于LHCP－II的两条多肽，25KD和27KD的量明显减少，尤其是27KD多肽变化更为显著。 此外，我们还研究了介质中pH值（H+浓度）对两个光系统间能量分配与传递的影响，发现H+的作用机理与Mg2+的不同。H+能引起膜垛叠，改变类囊体膜的低温荧光发射光谱，使F741／F687比值降低。而对基粒膜和基质膜的作用却与Mg2+作用相反。温和的SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果表明，pH的变化不改变类囊体膜上色素蛋白复合体的种类、组成和比例。 据此，我们比较并讨论了金属阳离子与H对光系统间能量分配与传递的影响的不同作用，认为二价金属阳离子除能引起类囊体膜垛叠、改变色素蛋白复合体的空间构象和排列，从而影响激发能在两个光系统间的分配外，还能调节和促进LHCP－II及LHCP－I从富含PSI的基质膜向富含PSII的基粒迁移，使PSII的光捕获截面增加，调节激发能有利于向PSII分配。而介质中的质子（H+）浓度的改变只能引起类囊体膜片层垛叠，可能改变光合膜中色素蛋白复合体的构象和排列，最终影响激发能在光系统间的分配。