7 resultados para Triangulation

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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针对给出的机器人三角定位算法,推导出路标设置对定位影响的几何精度标准,证明了参与定位的路标数目为3个和3个以上的情况下,如果路标与机器人的距离都相等,那么当相邻路标与机器人所成夹角都相等时,机器人的定位精度最高;进而给出了最优路标选取算法.实验和实践结果也进一步证明所得结论的有效性。

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基于合作路标的三角定位是自主式移动机器人的主要定位方法。路标的优化选择是提高定位算法精度的关键。本文在给出该算法原理的基础上 ,通过理论分析和实验证明了路标优化选择对提高定位算法精度的作用 ,并介绍了路标优化选择的准则

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星球漫游车技术是一项跨学科的综合性技术,它反映了一个国家整体科技水平和高技术产业的发展水平,对漫游车进行研究具有长远的战略意义。漫游车一般都工作在特殊的环境中,综合考虑功耗和有效载荷等问题,可以发现,非视觉传感器与视觉传感器相比在环境感知能力和综合性能方面都不甚理想,因此,基于视觉传感器的立体视觉定位也一直是各类漫游车用以感知环境所首选的技术。基于立体视觉可以构建相应的地面人机交互系统。该交互系统具有实现离线示教功能,通过虚拟现实和立体视觉技术实现虚拟漫游车在虚拟地形中行走,虚拟机械臂对虚拟物体进行研磨等功能。操作人员在虚拟环境中对月球车的各种运动进行验证以后,再将数据上传给真实的漫游车以实现真实的漫游和考察工作。因此,立体视觉系统性能的好坏将直接影响到漫游车的后续工作情况,它是漫游车自主导航和进行科学考察的基础,直接关系到漫游车的安全,是一项关键的技术。 本文的研究依托于中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目“月球车月面探测作业支撑技术研究”,旨在探索立体视觉系统的实现及其与车载机械臂配合工作的问题。从理论和实践两个方面,对其中的若干关键技术,如双摄像机标定、对极几何恢复、图像校正、图像匹配、三维重建和车载机械臂视觉定位等进行了研究。主要研究成果如下: 1.提出一种基于坐标排序的标定特征点存储算法,使得两幅图像中的标定特征点能够快速准确的对应存储。基于径向一致约束(RAC)模型优化方法与直接光学法的优点,提出一种改进的光心确定方法,实验表明该方法有效地提高了Tsai两步法的标定与测量精度。以上两种方法为实现双摄像机的高精度标定奠定了基础。 2.在双摄像机的标定阶段,提出一种新的以三维重投影误差为优化目标的双摄像机两步标定算法,实验证明该方法的标定与测量精度要高于传统的基于二维重投影误差的方法。提出一种考虑多个畸变系数基于三维重投影误差的两步标定算法,实验证明该方法比只考虑一个畸变系数的Tsai两步法能够获得更高的标定与测量精度。研究了基于遗传算法和粒子群算法的双摄像机内、外参数的整体优化问题,实验证明可以获得比传统梯度下降法更高的标定与测量精度。以上改进方法可以使标定精度达到工程要求,并为后续的图像校正和三维测量奠定基础。 3.从简单背景和复杂背景两种情况对对极几何的离线恢复问题进行了研究。对于对极几何的离线恢复问题,提出了基于正确匹配标定特征点进行基础矩阵高精度估计的算法。该算法的特点是与标定共用同一组数据,其有效性得到了实验的验证。对于对极几何的在线恢复问题,基于摄像机成像几何原理证明了图像坐标系下存在的一种左右图像坐标间的约束关系,并设计了相应的稀疏匹配算法,采用两阶段鲁棒稀疏匹配算法对基础矩阵进行了高精度的估计,实现了对极几何的在线恢复。与传统方法相比,本文的方法速度更快,精度更高。 4.研究了标定与非标定图像的极线校正算法,利用上述改进方法求得的高精度的投影矩阵和基础矩阵,获得了令人满意的校正效果,为稠密匹配奠定了坚实的基础。研究并实现了四种稠密匹配算法,并进行了算法性能的比较。针对稠密匹配后的初始候选匹配点对,研究了三种误匹配的剔除方法。实验结果表明这些方法能够有效剔除误匹配点对,提高三维重建的效果。 5.研究了基于最小二乘法和立体成像几何法的三维重建算法,研究了一种集成上述多种改进算法的欧式三维重建算法。研究开发了三维重建软件,基于真实图像进行了欧式三维重建实验研究,取得了良好的重建效果。 6.以月球车为应用对象,研究了虚拟机械臂和车载机械臂的平面定位机理,构建了基于立体视觉的虚拟机械臂定位仿真平台。基于虚拟环境下验证好的数据,进行了月球车车载机械臂平面定位的实验,结果证明车载机械臂具有良好的视觉定位精度。

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本文讨论了基于视觉和结构光的焊缝形貌视觉检测系统的组成原理,针对拼板激光焊接工程中对焊缝检测的实时性要求高的特点,创新性地提出了一种快速获得焊缝错配缺陷的算法,主要步骤为:首先基于有关标准的检测指标阈值的设定,再次,针对在线提取到的图像进行预处理,主要是加窗和中值滤波;最后为Radon变换与错配检测。该算法能减少计算任务,从而快速获得错配检测指标。实验给出了不等厚板拼焊时的线性错配的数值和分布,同时验证了该算法的有效性。

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I address of reconstruction of spatial irregular sampling seismic data to regular grids. Spatial irregular sampling data impairs results of prestack migration, multiple attenuations, spectra estimation. Prestack 5-D volumes are often divided into sub-sections for further processing. Shot gathers are easy to obtain from irregular sampling volumes. My strategy for reconstruction is as follows: I resort irregular sampling gathers into a form of easy to bin and perform bin regularization, then utilize F-K inversion to reconstruct seismic data. In consideration of poor ability of F-K regularization to fill in large gaps, I sort regular sampling gathers to CMP and proposed high-resolution parabolic Radon transform to interpolate data and extrapolate offsets. To strong interfering noise--multiples, I use hybrid-domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transform to attenuate it. F-K regularization demand ultimately for lower computing costs. I proposed several methods to further improve efficiency of F-K inversion: first I introduce 1D and 2D NFFT algorithm for a rapid calculation of DFT operators; then develop fast 1D and 2D CG method to solve least-square equations, and utilize preconditioner to accelerate convergence of CG iterations; what’s more, I use Delaunay triangulation for weight calculation and use bandlimit frequency and varying bandwidth technique for competitive computation. Numerical 2D and 3D examples are offered to verify reasonable results and more efficiency. F-K regularization has poor ability to fill in large gaps, so I rearrange data as CMP gathers and develop hybrid-domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transforms which be used ether to interpolate null traces and extrapolate near and far offsets or suppress a strong interfere noise: multiples. I use it to attenuate multiples to verify performances of our algorithm and proposed routines for industrial application. Numerical examples and field data examples show a nice performance of our method.

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This thesis mainly studies the technologies of 3-D seismic visualization and Graphic User Interface of seismic processing software. By studying Computer Graphics and 3-D geological modeling, the author designs and implements the visualization module of seismic data processing software using OpenGL and Motif. Setting seismic visualization flow as the subject, NURBS surface approximation and Delaunay Triangulation as the two different methods, the thesis discusses the key algorithms and technologies of seismic visualization and attempts to apply Octree Space Partitioning and Mip Mapping to enhance system performance. According to the research mentioned above, in view of portability and scalability, the author adopts Object-oriented Analysis and Object-oriented Design, uses standard C++ as programming language, OpenGL as 3-D graphics library and Motif as GUI developing tool to implement the seismic visualization framework on SGI Irix platform. This thesis also studies the solution of fluid equations in porous media. 2-D alternating direction implicit procedure has been turned into 3-D successive over relaxation iteration, which possesses such virtues as faster computing speed, faster convergence rate, better adaptability to heterogeneous media and less memory demanding.