A transfer matrix approach to conductance in quantum waveguides

A transfer matrix approach is presented for the study of electron conduction in an arbitrarily shaped cavity structure embedded in a quantum wire. Using the boundary conditions for wave functions, the transfer matrix at an interface with a discontinuous potential boundary is obtained for the first time. The total transfer matrix is calculated by multiplication of the transfer matrix for each segment of the structure as well as numerical integration of coupled second-order differential equations. The proposed method is applied to the evaluation of the conductance and the electron probability density in several typical cavity structures. The effect of the geometrical features on the electron transmission is discussed in detail. In the numerical calculations, the method is found to be more efficient than most of the other methods in the literature and the results are found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained by the recursive Green's function method.

Three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission on matrix spectrum of dissolved organic substance in marine microalgaes growth process

The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum was used to detect the changes in dissolved organic substances from the cultured Skeletonema costatum, Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Scrippsiella trochodea, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans. The result indicates that all of the microalgaes can produce FDOM in the growth courses. Diatom such as Skeletonema costatum can produce humic-like FDOM. However dinoflagellate can produce protein-like FDOM at exponential growth phase. When the algae grows into decadency phase, the intensity of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence augments rapidly, which may be due to a mass of FDOM realeased by the old or dead cell fragmentation and the degradation of bacteria by using non-FDOM. The fluorescent intensity of Alexandrium tamarense, Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans can reduce at anaphase of decadency phase because of the degradation of bacteria and light. The same genus of algae can produce similar FDOM, for example: Alexandrium tamarense, and Alexandrium mimutum, Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, but the positions of the fluorescence peaks are different.

Excitonic energy of vertically stacked self-assmbled InAs quantum dots

We have studied the exciton states in vertically stacked self-assembled quantum disks within the effective mass approximation. The energy spectrum of the electron and hole is calculated using the transfer matrix formalism in the adiabatic approximation. The Coulomb interaction between the electron and the hole is treated accurately by the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. The effect of the vertical alignment of the disks on the ground energy of heavy- and light-hole exciton is presented and discussed. The binding energy is discussed in terms of the probability of the ground wave function. The ground energy of heavy- and light-hole excitons as a function of the magnetic field is presented and the effect of the disk size (the radius of disks) on the exciton energy is discussed.

The scattering matrix method for quantum waveguides

A scattering matrix method for investigating the electron transport in quantum waveguides is presented. By dividing the structure into a number of transverse slices, the global scattering matrix is obtained by the composition of the individual scattering matrices associated with each interface. Complicated geometries and inhomogeneous external potentials are included in the formulation. It is shown that the proposed scattering matrix method possesses many advantages over the traditional mode-matching and transfer matrix methods, especially in treating the electron wave propagation in complicated geometries. Justification for the method is provided by the unitarity of the calculated scattering matrix, and the consistency of the results with those obtained by the recursive Green's function method.

Electron Transfer and its Equilibrium between Eu and Tb in SrMgF4 System

Emission of europium(II) and europium(III) have been observed in SrMgF4 xEu, yTb phosphors winch are synthesized in Ar flow. The valence state of En is influenced by terbium, It is noted that the intensities of the ESR peaks corresponding to Eu2+ are increased when terbium ion is codopech this can be explained by electron transfer mechanism which is Eu3++Tb3+-->Eu2++Tb4+. And its equilibrium constant is calculated.

长周期莫尔光栅的理论研究

长周期光纤光栅作为一种损耗型的带阻滤波器，在光纤通信和光纤传感器领域有着广泛的应用。结合长周期光纤光栅的传输特性，利用传输矩阵法对多种长周期莫尔光栅的透射谱进行了理论模拟。分析结果表明，莫尔光栅技术在制作高性能的相移长周期光栅和变迹长周期光栅上有着很好的应用前景。

反射型磁光多层膜隔离器的频率响应及宽容性研究

通过传输矩阵法分析了材料介电常数的变化对于单缺陷结构的磁光多层膜隔离器性能的响，并提出了一种多缺陷结构的磁光多层膜结构．同单缺陷结构相比，多缺陷结构的旋转角的频谱响应带宽有很大增加，对于材料介电常数变化的宽容性得到了一个数量级的提高．同时这种多缺陷的结构对于膜层厚度的变化和入射角度也有很好的宽容性．

Ultra-narrow bandwidth resonant reflection grating filters using the second diffracted orders

In this paper, we design resonant reflection grating filters employing the second diffracted orders as the leaky modes, then analyze the bandwidth of the reflection peak and the electric field distributions inside the wavegude under resonance. The numeric calculation confirms that ultra-narrow resonant reflection peaks can be observed in these structures. At the same time, strong electric field enhancement appears under resonance. It provides a new approach to diversify the resonant reflection filters and may open a new way to the realization of ultra-narrow bandwidth filters. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

光系统Ⅱ核心天线复合物CP43和CP47的分离纯化及其光谱学特性的研究

应用改进DEAE-Toyopearl 650S阴离子交换柱层析从高等植物菠菜(Spinacia oleracea)中分离纯化了核心天线复合物CP43和CP47。并对它们的纯度和完整性色素种类和含量，以及色素分子的结合状态进行了研究并对色素分子间的能量传递机制进行了讨论。结果如下： 1、HPLC检测结果表明：纯化的CP43和CP47均只含Chla和β-Car两种色素分子，并且，平均每分子CP43多肽含19-20分子Chla和4-5分子β-Car;而平均每分CP47则含20-21分子Chla和3-4分子β-Car。 2、以436nm和480nm激发光激发样品得到的CP43和CP47的低温荧光发射光谱的最大荧光发射峰分别位于683nm和693nm。进一步发现，CP43和CP47，在相同条件下分别以436nm和480nm激发光激发样品得到的低温荧光发射光谱经归一化后几乎完全重叠，而且400-500nm波长范围内的激发光扫描得到的三维低温荧光发射光谱沿激发轴具有较好的对应关系，表明纯化的CP43和CP47都具有较高的完整性。 3、纯化的CP43和CP47的吸收光谱的红区最大吸收峰分别位于671nm和674nm。该光区的导数光谱均分辨出偏蓝区和偏红区两个子峰，CP43的这两个子峰分别位于669nm和682nm;而CP47的两个子峰则分别位于669nm和680nm。进一步用包含这两个子峰的高斯解析参数对红区最大吸收峰进行拟合，结果证明，拟合的曲线与实测曲线几乎完全吻合，这表明，CP43和CP47均至少包含两种不同状态的Chla分子。 3．1应用不同的变性温度处理CP43，发现随变性温度的不断提高，其红区最大吸收峰的峰值逐渐减小，四阶导数光谱分辨出的两个子峰同时减小，但差光谱显示：随处理温度的不断提高，这两个组分峰值的变化并不同步进行，较低温度范围内(55℃以下)682nm吸收峰下降明显，而较高温度范围内(55℃以上)，669nm吸收峰下降明显。 同时，随处理温度不断提高CP43脱辅基蛋白的结构也在不断发生变化，其变化过程明显表现出两个跃变阶段。这两个跃变阶段分别出现在40～50℃范围内和55～60℃范围内，恰与吸收光谱两个组分峰变化的转变过程相一致。这证明，CP43中分别位于669nm和682nm的不同的色谱组分即代表两种不同结合态的Chla分子，分别简称为“CP43-669”和“CP43-682”。它们在色素蛋白复合物中所处的环境不同，因而对蛋白质结构的依赖性不同，前者更高地依赖于蛋白复合物的整体构象，而后者则主要依赖于蛋白质的二级结构。 3.2 经不同的变性温度处理的CP47，其红区最大吸收峰的峰位逐渐蓝移，而吸收峰值无明显的变化，只有当处理温度提高到65℃以后，蓝移后的吸收峰值(669nm)才开始明显减小;四阶导数光谱表现为680nm吸收峰的信号逐渐下降669nm的吸收信号逐渐明显;处理减对照差光谱只观察到680nm吸收值的逐渐减少，而几乎观察不到669nm吸收值的变化。同时，随变性温度的不断提高，CP47的脱辅基蛋白的结构也发生相应的变化与CP43不同，蛋白结构变化最大的温度范围为60℃～65℃之间，但同CP47的峰位蓝移、导数光谱中680nm信号的减小，以及差光谱中680nm吸收值的减小相一致。由此认为，同CP43一样，CP47的吸收光谱中分辨出的分别位于669nm和680nm处的两个不同光谱组分亦分别代表两种不同结合状态的Chla分子，分别简称为“CP47-669”和“CP47-680”，与CP43中的相应组分对应，它们处于不同的蛋白环境中，从而对蛋白质结构变化的依赖性不同。 3.3 CP43和CP47的CD光谱表现出明显的正负双峰，表明色素分子间存在较强的激子相互作用。随变性温度的不断提高，正负CD双峰的信号逐渐减弱，变化过程与脱辅基蛋白结构的变化以及CP43-682的变化相一致，表明色素分子间的激子相互作用更高依赖于CP43-682和CP47-680。并认为CP43-682和CP47-680可能以二聚体或多聚体的形式存在，并且二聚体或多聚体的形成依赖于蛋白天然构象。而CP43-669和CP47-669则以单体的形式位于蛋白结构中相对伸展的区域。并提出：在CP43-682以CP47-680分子之间，激发能主要以激子偶合机制进行而在CP43-669，CP47-669分子间及CP43-669至CP43-682间，CP47-669至CP47-680之间激发能则主要以Foster机制进行。 4、以488nm激发光得到的CP43和CP47的共振拉曼光谱都具有全反式构型类胡萝卜素分子的四个典型特征峰由此认为CP43和CP47中的β-Car分子亦具有全反式构型;与溶于丙酮抽体物中的β-Car分子相比较，CP43和CP47中的β-Car分子的共振拉曼光谱中具有较强的960cm~(-1)的拉曼峰，表明，CP43和CP47中的β-Car分子具有扭曲的构象。 应用经归一化后的吸收光谱与荧光激发光谱相比较的办法发现CP43和CP47中存在β-Car分子和Chla分子间的能量传递其能量传递效率分别为29.8～29.9%和52.3～56.9%。这表明，在正常条件下，CP47中β-Car分子和Chla分子间的能量传递效率远大于CP43。此外，当选用蛋白结构变化最明显的热变性温度处理样品后，发现，不论CP43还是CP47中β-Car与Chla分子间的能量传递效率大大降低，表明，这两种色素分子间的能量传递严格依赖于蛋白复合物的天然构象，并认为，正常条件下，CP43和CP47内β-Car与Chla分子间的空间距离较近，可能不大于10A，CP43和CP47相比较，CP47内这两种色素分子间的距离更近。并进一步提出，在CP43和CP47中，β-Car到Chla分子间的能量传递最大可能以Dexter的电子交换机制进行。

DTADH and quantum critical phenomena caused by anisotropy and external magnetic field for spin-1/2 Heisenberg diamond chains

Using the transfer matrix renormalization group (TMRG) method, we study the connection between the first derivative of the thermal average of driving-term Hamiltonian (DTADH) and the trace of quantum critical behaviors at finite temperatures. Connecting with the exact diagonalization method, we give the phase diagrams and analyze the properties of each phase for both the ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic frustrated J(3) anisotropy diamond chain models. The finite-temperature scaling behaviors near the critical regions are also investigated. Further, we show the critical behaviors driven by external magnetic field, analyze the formation of the 1/3 magnetic plateau and the influence of different interactions on those critical points for both the ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic distorted diamond chains.

Mode Characteristics for Square Resonators With a Metal Confinement Layer

Microsquare resonators laterally confined by SiO2/Au/air multilayer structure are investigated by light ray method with reflection phase-shift of the multiple layers and two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The reflectivity and phase shift of the mode light ray on the sides of the square resonator with the semiconductor/SiO2/Au/air multilayer structure are calculated for TE and TM modes by transfer matrix method. Based on the reflection phase shift and the reflectivity, the mode wavelength and factor are calculated by the resonant condition and the mirror loss, which are in agreement well with that obtained by the FDTD simulation. We find that the mode factor increases greatly with the increase of the SiO2 layer thickness, especially as d < 0.3 mu m. For the square resonator with side length 2 mu m and refractive index 3.2, anticrossing mode couplings are found for confined TE modes at wavelength about 1.6 mu m at d = 0.11 mu m, and confined TM modes at d = 0.71 mu m, respectively.

Quantum phase transitions in the S=1/2 distorted diamond chain

By means of the second derivative of the ground-state and first-excited energy, the quantum phase transitions (QPTs) for the distorted diamond chain (DDC) with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic frustrated interactions and the trimerized case are investigated, respectively. Our results show the plentiful quantum phases owing to the spin interaction competitions in the model. Meanwhile, by using the transfer-matrix renormalization-group technique, we study the two-site thermal entanglement of the DDC model in the thermodynamic limit for a further understanding of the QPTs.

Transmission properties through a double quantum dot with a wave packet

The transmiss on time and tunneling probability of an electron through a double quantum dot are studied using the transfer matrix technique. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is applied for a Gaussian wave packet passing through the double quantum clot. The numerical calculations are carried out for a double quantum clot consisting of GaAs/InAs material. We find that the electron tunneling resonance peaks split when the electron transmits through the double quantum dot. The splitting energy increases as the distance between the two quantum dots decreases. The transmission time can be elicited from the temporal evolution of the Gaussian wave packet in the double quantum dot. The transmission time increases quickly as the thickness of tire barrier increases. The lifetime of the resonance state is calculated tram the temporal evolution of the Gaussian-state at the centers of quantum dots.

Transmission properties of electron in quantum rings

We investigated the transmission probability of a single electron transmission through a quantum ring device based on the single-band effective mass approximation method and transfer matrix theory. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is applied on a Gaussian wave packet passing through the quantum ring system. The electron tunneling resonance peaks split when the electron transmits through a double quantum ring. The splitting energy increases as the distance between the two quantum rings decreases. We studied the tunneling time through the single electron transmission quantum ring from the temporal evolution of the Gaussian wave packet. The electron probability density is sensitive to the thickness of the barrier between the two quantum rings. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Optical response of high-level bandgap in one-dimensional photonic crystal applying in-plane integration

A new broadband filter, based on the high level bandgap in 1-D photonic crystals (PCs) of the form Si vertical bar air vertical bar Si vertical bar air vertical bar Si vertical bar air vertical bar Si vertical bar air vertical bar Si vertical bar air vertical bar Si is designed by the plane wave expansion method (PWEM) and the transfer matrix method (TMM) and fabricated by lithography. The optical response of this filter to normal-incident and oblique-incident light proves that utilizing the high-level bandgaps of PCs is an efficient method to lower the difficulties of fabricating PCs, increase the etching depth of semiconductor materials, and reduce the coupling loss at the interface between optical fibers and the PC device. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.